TACTICAL BEHAVIOR IN SOCCER SMALL-SIDED GAMES: INFLUENCE OF TACTICAL KNOWLEDGE AND NUMERICAL SUPERIORITY

ABSTRACT This study investigated the influence of procedural tactical knowledge (PTK) and numerical superiority on the tactical behavior of soccer players during small-sided games. Eighteen male soccer players were divided into six teams, of which three showed higher PTK, and three lower PTK. Data was collected over six days, with two 4-minute sets of small-sided games held by group. Tactical behavior was assessed through FUT-SAT. Two-way ANOVA (group x game) was used for data analysis. In the group factor, only width and length principles showed difference, being more frequent in the lower PTK group. As for game factor, 3x3 SSG presented higher penetration incidence, while in the 4x3 SSG players performed more actions of unity (offensive and defensive), defensive coverage and balance. It is concluded that PTK levels have lower influence on tactical behavior than on game situation.

摘要 本研究探讨了程序战术知识（Procedural Tactical Knowledge，PTK）与人数优势对小型对抗赛（small-sided games，SSG）中足球运动员战术行为的影响。本研究共招募18名男子足球运动员，将其划分为6支队伍，其中3支队伍程序战术知识水平更高，剩余3支队伍程序战术知识水平较低。数据采集周期为6天，每组开展两场时长4分钟的小型对抗赛。战术行为通过FUT-SAT量表进行评估。数据分析采用双因素方差分析（Two-way ANOVA，组×赛事）。在组间因素层面，仅宽度原则与长度原则存在显著差异，且该两项战术原则在程序战术知识水平较低的队伍中出现频率更高。而就赛事类型因素而言，3对3小型对抗赛（3x3 SSG）的渗透进攻发生率更高；而在4对3小型对抗赛（4x3 SSG）中，运动员完成的攻防一体行动、防守覆盖及战术平衡相关动作更为频繁。研究结论表明，程序战术知识水平对运动员战术行为的影响程度低于其对比赛局势的影响。