Experimental data testing CO2 × heatwave effects in Pacific herring offspring including data on vital rates and experimental conditions

Forage fish tend to respond strongly to environmental variability and therefore may be particularly sensitive to marine climate stressors. We used controlled laboratory experiments to assess the vulnerability of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) embryos to the combined effects of high pCO2 and a simulated marine heatwave. The two pCO2 treatments reflected current conditions (~550 µatm) and a future extreme level (~2,300 µatm). The dynamics of heatwave (i.e., rate of onset: ~0.85°C d-1; maximum intensity: +4.4°C) were modeled from the most extreme events detected by a long-term regional temperature dataset. Simultaneous exposure to these potential stressors did not affect embryo survival. However, the heatwave did elicit significant metabolic effects that included higher rates of routine metabolism (Q10 = 1.15 - 1.72), growth (Q10 = 1.87), rate of development to hatch (Q10 = 3.01), and yolk consumption (Q10 = 3.21) as well as a significant reduction in production efficiency (-10.8%) and ...

饵料鱼类（forage fish）对环境变异性响应强烈，因此对海洋气候胁迫因子尤为敏感。本研究采用受控室内实验，评估了太平洋鲱（Clupea pallasii）胚胎对高二氧化碳分压（pCO2）与模拟海洋热浪共同胁迫的脆弱性。本实验设置两组二氧化碳分压处理组，分别对应当前海洋环境水平（约550 µatm）与未来极端水平（约2300 µatm）。本次模拟的海洋热浪动力学特征（即升温速率约0.85℃·d⁻¹；最大增温幅度+4.4℃）基于长期区域温度数据集监测到的极端事件建模所得。同时暴露于这两类潜在胁迫因子并未对胚胎存活率造成显著影响。然而，海洋热浪确实引发了显著的代谢效应：常规代谢速率（温度系数Q10=1.15~1.72）、生长速率（Q10=1.87）、孵化前发育速率（Q10=3.01）与卵黄消耗速率（Q10=3.21）均显著升高，同时生产效率显著降低10.8%，且……