Lifestyle behaviors and associated factors among individuals with diabetes in Brazil: a latent class analysis approach

Abstract The purpose of the cross-sectional study was to identify patterns of modifiable lifestyle behaviors and examine the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and distinct lifestyle behaviors. The data were gathered from the National Health Survey 2019, a study that included adults with diabetes. Four domains of lifestyle behaviors were used to define these behaviors: smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and diet. The association between patterns of lifestyle behaviors and variables of interest was assessed using multinomial regression analysis. The three lifestyle patterns identified were: Class 1, referred to as “unhealthy diet,” comprised 17.0% of the sample and was characterized by unhealthy eating habits; Class 2 (less active and insufficient fruit and vegetable intake) represented 71.2% of the sample; Class 3 referred to as “low risk” (11.8%) is characterized by a lower probability of engaging in most risky behaviors. A person over 45 years of age with little or no education and no health care coverage was less likely to be a member of Class 1. Male individuals who do not attend a doctor regularly exhibited more chances of belonging to Class 2. Mixed-race individuals aged 45 years or more with a low level of education have a lower chance of belonging to this class.

摘要 本横断面研究旨在明确可改变的生活方式行为模式，并探讨社会人口学特征与不同生活方式行为之间的关联。研究数据来源于2019年全国健康调查（National Health Survey 2019），该调查纳入了成年糖尿病患者。本研究采用吸烟、饮酒、身体活动、膳食四个维度的生活方式行为来定义相关行为模式。采用多项回归分析评估生活方式行为模式与目标变量之间的关联。研究共识别出三类生活方式模式：第1类被称为“不健康膳食类”，占样本量的17.0%，其特征为存在不良饮食习惯；第2类为“活动不足且果蔬摄入不足类”，占样本量的71.2%；第3类被称为“低风险类”，占样本量的11.8%，其特征为参与多数风险行为的概率较低。年龄超过45岁、受教育程度较低且无医保的人群归入第1类的概率更低。不规律就医的男性归入第2类的概率更高。45岁及以上、受教育程度较低的混血人群归入该类的概率更低。