Post-Translational Regulation of the Responses to Different Exercise Modes

Different exercise modes yield distinct metabolic outcomes. To identify the underlying molecular mechanisms driving divergent responses to different exercise modes, we investigated post-translational signaling events in skeletal muscle in response to an acute bout or 12 weeks of high-intensity interval aerobic (HIIT) or resistance (RT) exercise training. Despite similar transcriptional responses to acute aerobic or resistance exercise, the greater metabolic demand of aerobic exercise was accompanied by a robust skeletal muscle phosphoproteomic response to structural, contractile, and membrane transport machinery, including the nascent polypeptide-associated complex α (NACA). Chronic adaptations to HIIT and RT show distinct global, phospho-, and acetyl-proteomic adaptations. HIIT induced substantial global and acetylproteomic adaptations to mitochondrial proteins, suggesting enhanced regulation of mitochondrial function. RT regulated phosphoproteomic adaptations to contractile/cytoskeletal machinery, suggesting enhanced contractile function. Overall, these findings offer comprehensive insights into the intricate molecular adaptations of skeletal muscle underlying metabolic and physiological adaptations to different exercise modes. This data set contains the raw mRNA count data utilized in the study.不同运动模式可引发截然不同的代谢结局。为揭示驱动不同运动模式产生差异化应答的潜在分子机制，本研究针对单次急性运动或12周高强度间歇有氧（HIIT, high-intensity interval aerobic）训练、抗阻（RT, resistance）训练后的骨骼肌翻译后信号事件展开了探究。尽管急性有氧运动与抗阻运动的转录应答水平相似，但有氧运动更高的代谢负荷伴随骨骼肌对结构、收缩及膜转运系统产生强烈的磷酸化蛋白质组应答，其中涵盖新生多肽相关复合体α亚基（NACA, nascent polypeptide-associated complex α）。高强度间歇有氧训练与抗阻训练所带来的慢性适应性变化呈现出全局蛋白质组、磷酸化蛋白质组及乙酰化蛋白质组层面的显著差异。高强度间歇有氧训练可诱导线粒体蛋白发生显著的全局及乙酰化蛋白质组学适应性改变，提示线粒体功能调控得到增强；抗阻训练则通过磷酸化蛋白质组调控收缩/细胞骨架系统的适应性重塑，提示肌肉收缩功能得到提升。综上，本研究结果为阐明不同运动模式下骨骼肌代谢与生理适应背后的复杂分子适应机制提供了全面的认知视角。本数据集包含本研究中使用的原始mRNA计数数据。