Quarterly Labour Force Survey Household Dataset, April - June, 2020

<p><strong>Background</strong><br>The <em>Labour Force Survey</em> (LFS) is a unique source of information using international definitions of employment and unemployment and economic inactivity, together with a wide range of related topics such as occupation, training, hours of work and personal characteristics of household members aged 16 years and over. It is used to inform social, economic and employment policy. The LFS was first conducted biennially from 1973-1983. Between 1984 and 1991 the survey was carried out annually and consisted of a quarterly survey conducted throughout the year and a 'boost' survey in the spring quarter (data were then collected seasonally). From 1992 quarterly data were made available, with a quarterly sample size approximately equivalent to that of the previous annual data. The survey then became known as the <em>Quarterly Labour Force Survey</em> (QLFS). From December 1994, data gathering for Northern Ireland moved to a full quarterly cycle to match the rest of the country, so the QLFS then covered the whole of the UK (though some additional annual Northern Ireland LFS datasets are also held at the UK Data Archive). Further information on the background to the QLFS may be found in the documentation.<br><br><strong>Household datasets</strong><br>Up to 2015, the LFS household datasets were produced twice a year (April-June and October-December) from the corresponding quarter's individual-level data. From January 2015 onwards, they are now produced each quarter alongside the main QLFS. The household datasets include all the usual variables found in the individual-level datasets, with the exception of those relating to income, and are intended to facilitate the analysis of the economic activity patterns of whole households. It is recommended that the existing individual-level LFS datasets continue to be used for any analysis at individual level, and that the LFS household datasets be used for analysis involving household or family-level data. From January 2011, a pseudonymised household identifier variable (HSERIALP) is also included in the main quarterly LFS dataset instead.<br><br><strong>Change to coding of missing values for household series</strong><br>From 1996-2013, all missing values in the household datasets were set to one '-10' category instead of the separate '-8' and '-9' categories. For that period, the ONS introduced a new imputation process for the LFS household datasets and it was necessary to code the missing values into one new combined category ('-10'), to avoid over-complication. This was also in line with the Annual Population Survey household series of the time. The change was applied to the back series during 2010 to ensure continuity for analytical purposes. From 2013 onwards, the -8 and -9 categories have been reinstated.<br><br><strong>LFS Documentation</strong><br>The documentation available from the Archive to accompany LFS datasets largely consists of the latest version of each volume alongside the appropriate questionnaire for the year concerned. However, LFS volumes are updated periodically by ONS, so users are advised to check the ONS <a title="Labour Force Survey User Guidance" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/methodologies/labourforcesurveyuserguidance">LFS User Guidance</a> page before commencing analysis.<br><br><strong>Additional data derived from the QLFS</strong><br>The Archive also holds further QLFS series: End User Licence (EUL) quarterly datasets; Secure Access datasets (see below); two-quarter and five-quarter longitudinal datasets; quarterly, annual and ad hoc module datasets compiled for Eurostat; and some additional annual Northern Ireland datasets.<br><br><strong>End User Licence and Secure Access QLFS Household datasets</strong><br>Users should note that there are two discrete versions of the QLFS household datasets. One is available under the standard End User Licence (EUL) agreement, and the other is a Secure Access version. Secure Access household datasets for the QLFS are available from 2009 onwards, and include additional, detailed variables not included in the standard EUL versions. Extra variables that typically can be found in the Secure Access versions but not in the EUL versions relate to: geography; date of birth, including day; education and training; household and family characteristics; employment; unemployment and job hunting; accidents at work and work-related health problems; nationality, national identity and country of birth; occurrence of learning difficulty or disability; and benefits. For full details of variables included, see data dictionary documentation. The Secure Access version (see SN 7674) has more restrictive access conditions than those made available under the standard EUL. Prospective users will need to gain ONS Accredited Researcher status, complete an extra application form and demonstrate to the data owners exactly why they need access to the additional variables. Users are strongly advised to first obtain the standard EUL version of the data to see if they are sufficient for their research requirements.<br><br><strong>Changes to variables in QLFS Household EUL datasets</strong><br>In order to further protect respondent confidentiality, ONS have made some changes to variables available in the EUL datasets. From July-September 2015 onwards, 4-digit industry class is available for main job only, meaning that 3-digit industry group is the most detailed level available for second and last job.<br><br><strong>Review of imputation methods for LFS Household data - changes to missing values</strong><br>A review of the imputation methods used in LFS Household and Family analysis resulted in a change from the January-March 2015 quarter onwards. It was no longer considered appropriate to impute any personal characteristic variables (e.g. religion, ethnicity, country of birth, nationality, national identity, etc.) using the LFS donor imputation method. This method is primarily focused to ensure the 'economic status' of all individuals within a household is known, allowing analysis of the combined economic status of households. This means that from 2015 larger amounts of missing values ('-8'/-9') will be present in the data for these personal characteristic variables than before. Therefore if users need to carry out any time series analysis of households/families which also includes personal characteristic variables covering this time period, then it is advised to filter off 'ioutcome=3' cases from all periods to remove this inconsistent treatment of non-responders.</p><p>
</p><p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Occupation data for 2021 and 2022 data files</span><br></p><p>The ONS has identified an issue with the collection of some occupational data in 2021 and 2022 data files in a number of their surveys. While they estimate any impacts will be small overall, this will affect the accuracy of the breakdowns of some detailed (four-digit Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)) occupations, and data derived from them. Further information can be found in the ONS article published on 11 July 2023: <a title="Revision of miscoded occupational data in the ONS Labour Force Survey, UK: January 2021 to September 2022" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/articles/revisionofmiscodedoccupationaldataintheonslabourforcesurveyuk/january2021toseptember2022" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Revision of miscoded occupational data in the ONS Labour Force Survey, UK: January 2021 to September 2022</a>.</p> <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Latest edition information</span></p><p>For the fourth edition (October 2022), the 2022 weighting variable was added to the dataset, and the old 2020 weight removed.<br></p>

<strong>背景</strong><br><em>劳动力调查（Labour Force Survey, LFS）</em>是一套独特的信息来源，采用国际通用的就业、失业及经济非活动状态定义，涵盖职业、培训、工作时长以及16岁及以上家庭成员的个人特征等广泛相关主题，可为社会、经济与就业政策制定提供参考。该调查最初于1973年至1983年间每两年开展一次；1984年至1991年转为年度调查，由全年开展的季度调查和春季季度的“补充”调查组成（后续数据按季节收集）。1992年起，季度数据正式发布，季度样本量大致与此前年度数据相当，该调查也更名为<em>季度劳动力调查（Quarterly Labour Force Survey, QLFS）</em>。1994年12月起，北爱尔兰的数据采集转为完整季度周期，以与英国其他地区保持一致，自此QLFS覆盖全英国（不过英国数据档案馆仍留存有部分额外的北爱尔兰年度LFS数据集）。关于QLFS背景的更多信息可查阅相关文档。<br><br><strong>家庭数据集</strong><br>截至2015年，LFS家庭数据集每年基于对应季度的个体层面数据生成两次，分别为4-6月和10-12月。2015年1月起，家庭数据集改为每季度与主QLFS同步生成。家庭数据集包含个体层面数据集的绝大多数常规变量，但与收入相关的变量除外，旨在助力全家庭经济活动模式的分析。建议个体层面分析仍使用现有LFS个体数据集，而涉及家庭或家族层面数据的分析则应使用LFS家庭数据集。自2011年1月起，主季度LFS数据集新增了假名化家庭识别变量（HSERIALP）。<br><br><strong>家庭序列缺失值编码规则变更</strong><br>1996年至2013年间，家庭数据集的所有缺失值均被统一归类为“-10”类别，而非此前分开的“-8”与“-9”类别。在此期间，英国国家统计局（Office for National Statistics, ONS）为LFS家庭数据集引入了全新的插补流程，为避免过度复杂化，需将缺失值统一合并为单个新类别“-10”，这也与当时的年度人口调查家庭序列规则保持一致。为确保分析的连续性，2010年对历史序列应用了该变更规则。2013年起，“-8”与“-9”分类重新恢复使用。<br><br><strong>LFS文档</strong><br>档案馆配套LFS数据集的文档主要包含各卷册的最新版本以及对应年度的专用问卷。但ONS会定期更新LFS卷册，因此建议用户在开展分析前，先访问ONS的<a title="劳动力调查用户指南" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/methodologies/labourforcesurveyuserguidance">LFS用户指南</a>页面进行查阅。<br><br><strong>QLFS衍生附加数据</strong><br>档案馆还留存有其他QLFS序列数据：最终用户许可（End User Licence, EUL）季度数据集；安全访问数据集（详见下文）；两季度及五季度纵向数据集；为欧盟统计局（Eurostat）编制的季度、年度及特设模块数据集；以及部分额外的北爱尔兰年度数据集。<br><br><strong>QLFS家庭数据集的最终用户许可与安全访问版本</strong><br>用户需注意，QLFS家庭数据集存在两个独立版本：一种遵循标准最终用户许可（EUL）协议发布，另一种为安全访问版本。QLFS的安全访问家庭数据集自2009年起开放，包含标准EUL版本未涵盖的额外详细变量。安全访问版本通常包含但不限于以下领域的额外变量：地理信息；出生日期（含具体日期）；教育与培训；家庭与家族特征；就业情况；失业与求职状态；工作场所事故及职业相关健康问题；国籍、民族身份及出生国家；学习困难或残疾情况；以及福利补贴信息。关于包含变量的完整详情，请查阅数据字典文档。安全访问版本（详见序列号SN 7674）的访问限制严于标准EUL版本。潜在用户需获得ONS认证研究员资格，填写额外申请表，并向数据持有方明确说明需要访问额外变量的具体原因。强烈建议用户优先获取标准EUL版本的数据，以确认其是否满足研究需求。<br><br><strong>QLFS家庭EUL数据集的变量变更</strong><br>为进一步保护受访者隐私，ONS对EUL数据集的可用变量进行了调整。自2015年7-9月起，仅主要职业可提供4位行业分类代码，因此第二职业及末职业可获取的最详细行业分类为3位行业组别。<br><br><strong>LFS家庭数据插补方法回顾——缺失值规则变更</strong><br>对LFS家庭与家族分析所用插补方法的回顾导致自2015年第一季度（1-3月）起规则变更。不再适宜采用LFS捐赠者插补方法对任何个人特征变量（如宗教、种族、出生国家、国籍、民族身份等）进行插补。该方法原本主要用于确保家庭内所有个体的“经济状态”可被获知，以支持家庭综合经济状态的分析。这意味着自2015年起，这些个人特征变量的数据中缺失值（“-8”/“-9”）的占比将高于此前水平。因此，若用户需要对包含该时段个人特征变量的家庭/家族数据进行时间序列分析，建议从所有时段的数据中过滤掉“ioutcome=3”的样本，以消除对无应答者处理不一致的问题。<br><br><strong><span style="font-weight: bold;">2021年与2022年数据文件的职业数据</span></strong><br>ONS已发现其多项调查在2021年及2022年数据文件中存在部分职业数据采集问题。尽管ONS估算整体影响较小，但该问题将影响部分细分（四位标准职业分类（Standard Occupational Classification, SOC））职业的分类准确性，以及基于此类数据的衍生结果。更多信息可查阅ONS于2023年7月11日发布的文章：<a title="英国ONS劳动力调查中误编码职业数据的修订：2021年1月至2022年9月" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/articles/revisionofmiscodedoccupationaldataintheonslabourforcesurveyuk/january2021toseptember2022">《英国ONS劳动力调查中误编码职业数据的修订：2021年1月至2022年9月》</a>。<br><br><strong><span style="font-weight: bold;">最新版本信息</span></strong><br>第四版（2022年10月）数据集新增了2022年权重变量，并移除了旧版2020年权重变量。<br>