FERTILITY PROPERTIES AND LEAFY VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN SOILS FERTILIZED WITH CATTLE MANURE

ABSTRACT The effect of organic fertilization with cattle manure on fertility properties of soils with different clay contents was evaluated; as well as the influence of cattle manure fertilization on the production of lettuce, and on subsequent arugula and common chicory grown in these soils. The experiment with pot plants was arranged in randomized blocks and analyzed in a 3x6 factorial design with four replications. The treatments consisted of three soil types with different clay contents (166; 362; 565 g kg-1) and six cattle manure rates (0; 10; 20; 40; 80, and 160 t ha-1). Batches of each soil were manured, limed, filled in pots, moistened, and incubated for 30 days. Then, mineral base fertilization was applied and one lettuce seedling per each pot was grown. After lettuce harvest, the residual effect of organic fertilization was assessed in two subsequent crops, first arugula and then common chicory. The application of up to 160 t ha-1 cattle manure reduces soil acidity and increases nutrient contents, particularly of P, K and Zn, in soils with 165 to 565 g kg-1 clay content. Fertilization with cattle manure at rates of up to 160 t ha-1 increases electrical conductivity of soils, without affecting growth and yield of the leafy vegetables. Cattle manuring increases the yield of lettuce, as well as of arugula and common chicory grown afterwards.

摘要 本研究评估了牛粪有机肥还田对不同黏粒含量土壤肥力性状的影响，同时探究了牛粪施肥对该类土壤上种植的生菜、后续茬口芝麻菜及普通菊苣产量的影响。本盆栽试验采用完全随机区组设计，以3×6因子设计开展试验，设置4次重复。试验处理包含3种不同黏粒含量的土壤（166、362、565 g·kg⁻¹）与6个牛粪施用量梯度（0、10、20、40、80、160 t·hm⁻²）。将各土壤批次施加牛粪与石灰后装盆、补水并恒温培养30天；随后施加矿质基肥，每盆定植1株生菜幼苗。生菜收获后，通过后续两茬作物（先种植芝麻菜，再种植普通菊苣）评估有机肥的后效。试验结果表明：施用量最高达160 t·hm⁻²的牛粪有机肥可降低黏粒含量166~565 g·kg⁻¹土壤的酸度，并提升土壤养分含量，尤其是磷（P）、钾（K）与锌（Zn）的含量；施用量最高达160 t·hm⁻²的牛粪施肥可提升土壤电导率，但不会影响这类叶用蔬菜的生长与产量；牛粪施肥可提升生菜以及后续种植的芝麻菜与普通菊苣的产量。