SWIP - Population changes, immigration and emigration 1968-1997

The Swedish income panel was originally set up in the beginning of the 90s to make studies of how immigrants assimilate in the Swedish labour market possible. It consists of large samples of foreign-born and Swedish-born persons. Income information from registers is added for nearly 40 years. In addition income information relating to spouses is also available as well as for a subset of mothers and fathers. This makes it possible to construct measures of household income based on a relatively narrow definition. However, starting in 1998 there is also more information making it possible to include children over 18 and their incomes in the family. By matching with some different additional registers information has been added for people who have been unemployed or involved in labour market programmes during the 90s, on causes of deaths for people who have deceased since 1978 and on recent arrived immigrants from various origins. It has turned out that the data-base is quite useful for analysing research-questions other than originally motivating construction of the panel. The panel has been used for cross country comparisons of immigrants in the labour market and to analyse income mobility for different breakdowns of the population, and analyses the development in cohort income. There have been analyses of social assistance receipt among immigrants as well as studies of intergeneration mobility of income, the labour market situation of young immigrants and the second generation of immigrants. On-going work includes evaluation of labour market training programmes and studies of early retirement among immigrants. Planned work includes studies of the economic transition from child to adulthood during the 80s and 90s as well as studies of how frequent immigrant children are subject to measures under the Social Service Act and the Care of Youth Persons Act. The potentials of the Swedish Income Panel can be understood if one compares it with better known income-panels in other countries. For example SWIP covers more years and has a larger sample than the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP). On the other hand, the fact that information is obtained from registers only makes this Swedish panel less rich in variables. There are striking parallels between the Gothenburg Income Panel and the labour market panel at the Centre for Labour Market and Social Research in Aarhus for the Danish population.瑞典收入面板（Swedish Income Panel，以下简称SWIP）最初于20世纪90年代初创建，初衷是为开展移民在瑞典劳动力市场的同化情况研究提供数据支撑。该数据集包含大量外国出生与瑞典出生人群的样本，收录了近40年的官方登记收入信息。此外，还涵盖配偶的收入数据，以及部分父母（母亲与父亲）的收入信息，这使得基于相对狭义定义构建家庭收入核算指标成为可能。不过自1998年起，新增的信息允许将18岁以上子女及其收入纳入家庭收入核算范畴。通过与多类额外登记库进行匹配，该数据集补充了如下信息：1990年代期间失业或参与劳动力市场项目的人群数据、1978年以来已故人群的死因信息，以及不同来源地的近期入境移民相关数据。 后续研究证实，该数据库不仅适用于其初始构建的研究目标，亦可用于解答诸多其他科研问题。该面板已被用于开展移民劳动力市场的跨国比较研究、不同人口细分群体的收入流动性分析，以及同期队列人群的收入演变趋势研究。已有研究借助该面板完成了移民社会救助申领情况分析、代际收入流动性研究、青年移民劳动力市场状况研究，以及第二代移民相关研究。当前正在推进的研究包括劳动力市场培训项目效果评估，以及移民群体提前退休情况研究。未来规划的研究方向涵盖：20世纪80年代与90年代期间儿童向成年的经济转型过程研究，以及移民子女受《社会服务法》与《青少年照料法》相关措施规制的频率研究。 将瑞典收入面板与其他国家主流收入面板进行对标，可明晰其应用潜力。例如，相较于德国社会经济面板（German Socio-Economic Panel, GSOEP），瑞典收入面板的观测年限更长、样本规模更大。但另一方面，由于该面板的信息仅来源于官方登记库，其变量丰富度相对有限。奥胡斯劳动力市场与社会研究中心针对丹麦人群构建的劳动力市场面板，与哥德堡收入面板存在诸多显著相似之处。