FUNDAMENTALS AND STRUCTURES OF EDUCATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT IN ASIA AND WESTERN COUNTRIES

Education system management plays a critical role in ensuring the effectiveness, quality, and sustainability of national education systems. Different regions of the world adopt diverse management models influenced by historical, cultural, political, and economic factors. This article examines the fundamental principles and structural frameworks of education system management in Asian and Western countries. It explores how governance, policy implementation, administrative structures, and institutional autonomy shape educational outcomes in these regions. The study highlights the centralized characteristics of many Asian education systems and contrasts them with the decentralized and autonomous structures commonly found in Western countries. Through comparative analysis, the article identifies key strengths and challenges within both models and emphasizes the importance of balanced governance for improving educational quality and accessibility in a globalized world.教育系统管理是保障国家教育体系运行效能、办学质量与可持续发展的核心环节。受历史、文化、政治与经济等多重因素影响，全球不同地区形成了各具特色的教育管理模式。本文针对亚洲与西方国家的教育系统管理展开研究，剖析其核心原则与结构性框架，探究治理模式、政策执行、行政架构与院校自治如何塑造上述地区的教育产出。本研究指出，多数亚洲教育体系呈现出集权化特征，并将其与西方国家普遍采用的分权自治型架构开展对比。通过比较分析，本文明确了两类模式各自的核心优势与现存挑战，并强调在全球化背景下，均衡治理对于提升教育质量与教育可及性具有重要意义。