Conditions on pronominal marking: Video C13 - bump into person

This video is part of a set of 42 video stimuli designed to study to study variation in the
patterns of pronominal marking in the non-Austronesian languages of Alor and Pantar.
All of these languages share the typologically rare trait that they mark objects or
undergoers on the verbs, rather than subjects or actors (Siewierska 2011). However,
there is considerable within-group variation as to how this is done and also what the
relevant semantic parameters are which govern the indexation patterns. For instance,
Teiwa (Klamer 2010) aligns its arguments on a nominative-accusative basis indexing
the object of many (but not all) transitive verbs. The prime factor which determines
whether a verb indexes its object is animacy (Klamer and Kratochvíl 2006, Klamer
2010). Abui (Kratochvíl 2007, 2011), on the other hand, has a semantic alignment
system, in which the undergoer is marked on the verb. In intransitive clauses, more
undergoer-like arguments are indexed, e.g., ‘He is ill’, whereas more actor-like ones
are not, e.g., ‘He runs’. Animacy plays a role in the choice of prefix for undergoers
in Abui, but is not as important and pervasive as in Teiwa.

The stimulus set was created for the project 'Alor-Pantar languages: Origins and
theoretical impact', funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC)
through European Science Foundation-EuroBabel.

本视频属于一套共42个视频刺激材料（video stimuli）的组成部分，该套材料旨在研究阿洛（Alor）与潘塔尔（Pantar）地区非南岛语系（non-Austronesian languages）中代词标记（pronominal marking）模式的差异。所有这些语言均具备类型学上罕见的特征：它们在动词上标记宾语或受事（undergoer），而非主语（subject）或施事（actor）（Siewierska, 2011）。但在具体实现方式以及支配该标记模式的相关语义参数方面，该语系组内存在显著差异。例如，特伊瓦语（Teiwa, Klamer, 2010）采用主格-宾格对齐（nominative-accusative basis）的论元划分方式，对多数（而非全部）及物动词（transitive verbs）的宾语进行标记。决定动词是否标记其宾语的核心因素为生命度（animacy）（Klamer与Kratochvíl, 2006；Klamer, 2010）。而阿布伊语（Abui, Kratochvíl, 2007, 2011）则采用语义对齐系统（semantic alignment system），在动词上标记受事。在不及物分句（intransitive clauses）中，更接近受事的论元会被标记，例如“他生病了”；而更接近施事的论元则不会被标记，例如“他奔跑”。在阿布伊语中，生命度对受事的词缀（prefix）选择存在影响，但并未如特伊瓦语那般重要且普及。

本套刺激材料为项目“阿洛-潘塔尔语言：起源与理论影响（Alor-Pantar languages: Origins and theoretical impact）”而创制，该项目由英国艺术与人文研究理事会（Arts and Humanities Research Council, AHRC）通过欧洲科学基金会-欧罗巴巴别尔计划（European Science Foundation-EuroBabel）资助。