The paradoxes between different urban spaces in the municipality of Barcarena, Pará state, Brazil

Abstract Over the past decades, the process of urbanization in the small towns of Amazonia has transformed the urban and rural sceneries, which were restructured and have lost their characteristics. Although there are cities deeply dependent on forest resources, there is the emergence of cities that have withdrawn this activity and become dependent on the productive sector connected with the global market, such as the industry. The municipality of Barcarena, Para state, is an example of this process. Even though its economy is based on industrial activity, its rural population overlaps its urban population. In this sense, this paper aims to study the urban restructuring of the municipality of Barcarena, from the installation of an industrial complex, and the urban paradoxes resulting from this process. This research was developed using data collected through questionnaires applied in urban households, census data, and information collected in the Barcarena City Hall. This study shows the incoherence of data on urbanity; questions IBGE delimitations; and concludes that Barcarena is a “town of the forest” because it has kept its culture and economy closely related to it, and that ‘Vila dos Cabanos’ is a “town in the forest” because it presents strong logistic functions bound to the exterior and disconnected from the forest.摘要 过去数十年间，亚马孙流域小城镇的城市化进程彻底重塑了当地城乡景观，原有风貌被重构并逐步丧失其独特性。尽管部分城镇仍深度依赖森林资源，但也有一批城镇逐步退出此类活动，转而依托与全球市场接轨的生产部门（如工业）实现发展。帕拉州巴尔卡雷纳（Barcarena）市镇便是这一进程的典型案例。尽管其经济以工业活动为核心，但其农村人口与城市人口的统计边界却存在重叠。有鉴于此，本研究旨在以工业综合体落户为切入点，探讨巴尔卡雷纳市镇的城市重构进程及其衍生的各类城市悖论。本研究的数据来源包括针对城镇家庭发放的问卷调研数据、人口普查数据，以及从巴尔卡雷纳市政厅采集的官方资料。本研究揭示了城市性相关数据的不一致性，对巴西地理与统计研究所（IBGE）的人口区划标准提出了质疑，并最终得出结论：巴尔卡雷纳是一座"森林之城"，因其文化与经济仍与森林保持紧密关联；而"卡巴诺斯村（Vila dos Cabanos）"则是一座"林中城镇"，因其拥有对接外部的强大物流功能，却与森林生态完全脱节。