Petrography, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, Geochemistry, And Sr-C-O Isotope Data For Provenance Studies Of The Ancient Marmor Iassense In Kıyıkışlacık (Muğla Region), Türkiye

The Marmor Iassense (Iasos marble, Marmor Carium) banded marbles, produced from the Kızılağaç Formation near the village of Kıyıkışlacık, have been favorite marbles from ancient times to the present day with their colors and patterns. During the Roman and Byzantine periods, they were preferred as decorative stones for many important buildings in İstanbul, such as the Hagia Sophia, Chora Monastery (Kariye Mosque), and Church of the Holy Apostles, as well as San Vitale in Ravenna and other buildings throughout the Mediterranean region. They were used in wall coverings, flooring, columns, and mosaics. These marbles contain red and gray-white alternating folded layers of different thicknesses. They consist of calcite, quartz, feldspar (albite ± orthoclase), chlorite, muscovite, graphite, and hematite minerals and are fine- to medium-grained (maximum grain size: 0.2–2 mm). The tone of the red color varies depending on the amount of hematite. Geochemical properties and Sr-C-O isotope characteristics show that the parent rocks of the Kıyıkışlacık marbles were formed from carbonate rocks precipitated in an open-sea environment. Marmor Iassense banded marbles are easily distinguished from most red marbles used in ancient times with their textural features. The new petrography, X-ray diffraction, electron paramagnetic resonance, isotope, and geochemistry analysis results obtained in this study constitute a dataset that could be used in provenance studies by those who study these marbles in the future.

伊阿索斯条带状大理石（Marmor Iassense，又称Marmor Carium，即伊阿索斯大理石）产自基扎拉阿贾克（Kızılağaç）组，矿点毗邻基耶克什拉哲克（Kıyıkışlacık）村，其独特的色泽与纹理自古代至今始终广受青睐。在罗马与拜占庭时期，该类大理石便被选定为诸多重要建筑的装饰石材，涵盖伊斯坦布尔的圣索菲亚大教堂、柯拉修道院（卡里耶清真寺）、圣使徒教堂，以及拉文纳的圣维塔莱教堂与地中海全域其他诸多建筑。其应用场景包括墙面饰面、地面铺装、柱体制作与马赛克镶嵌。该类大理石由厚度不一的红色与灰白色交替褶皱层理构成，矿物组成包括方解石、石英、长石（钠长石±正长石）、绿泥石、白云母、石墨与赤铁矿，晶粒粒度介于细粒至中粒区间，最大晶粒尺寸为0.2–2 mm。红色色调的深浅随赤铁矿含量的变化而产生差异。地球化学特征与Sr-C-O同位素指标表明，基耶克什拉哲克村周边大理石的母岩为开放海环境中沉积形成的碳酸盐岩。伊阿索斯条带状大理石凭借其结构特征，可与绝大多数古代使用的红色大理石轻易区分。本研究获取的全新岩石学、X射线衍射、电子顺磁共振、同位素及地球化学分析结果，可为未来从事该类大理石研究的学者提供用于物源溯源分析的数据集。