Rational Design of Amorphous Carbon-Coated Laminar-Structured Wood for Integrating Repeatable Early Fire Detection and High-Temperature Affordable Flexible Pressure Sensing in One System

High-temperature affordable flexible polymer-based pressure sensors integrated with repeatable early fire warning service are strongly desired for harsh environmental applications, yet their creation remains challenging. This work proposed an approach for preparing such advanced integrated sensors based on silver nanoparticles and an ammonium polyphosphate (APP)-modified laminar-structured bulk wood sponge (APP/Ag@WS). Such integrated sensors demonstrated excellent fire warning performance, including a short response time (minimum of 0.44 s), a long-lasting alarm time (>750 s), and reliable repeatability. Moreover, it achieved high-temperature affordable flexible pressure sensing that exhibited an almost unimpaired working range of 0–7.5 kPa and a higher sensitivity (in the low-pressure range, maximum to 226.03 kPa–1) after fire. The high stability was attributed to reliable structural elasticity, and the wood-derived amorphous carbon is capable of repeatable fire warnings. Finally, a Ag@APP/WS-based wireless fire alarm system that realized reliable house fire accident detection was demonstrated, showing great promise for smart firefighting application.面向严苛环境应用的、兼具可重复早期火灾预警功能的耐高温低成本柔性聚合物基压力传感器一直是领域内的迫切需求，然而这类传感器的制备仍存在较大挑战。本研究提出了一种基于银纳米粒子与聚磷酸铵（ammonium polyphosphate, APP）改性层状块状木海绵（APP/Ag@WS）的先进集成传感器制备方法。该集成传感器展现出优异的火灾预警性能：响应时间极短（最低仅0.44秒）、报警持续时长优异（>750秒）且具备可靠的重复预警能力。此外，经火灾考验后，该传感器仍可实现耐高温、低成本的柔性压力传感，其工作范围几乎未受影响（0~7.5 kPa），且在低压区间内灵敏度更高（最高可达226.03 kPa⁻¹）。其优异的稳定性源于可靠的结构弹性，且木材衍生的无定形碳可实现重复火灾预警。最后，本研究构建了基于Ag@APP/WS的无线火灾报警系统，可实现可靠的住宅火灾事故检测，在智能消防领域展现出巨大应用潜力。