Effects of 5 ppm anabasine treatment on Crithidia infection intensity in Bombus impatiens across three experiments.

(A) Parasite Variation Experiment that tested effects of anabasine on infection of individual bees with one of four Crithidia lineages and reared individually. (B) Life History Experiment in which bees were reared in microcolonies of three workers. (C) Pollen Deprivation Experiment in which individual bees were deprived of pollen. Significance of terms in generalized linear mixed-effects models were tested by χ2 tests. Crithidia cell counts were ln(x+1)-transformed to better conform to model assumptions. Marginal cell length refers to length of the right forewing marginal cell, used to estimate bee size (see Materials and Methods). Colony refers to the bee’s experimental colony of origin.(A) 寄生虫变异实验（Parasite Variation Experiment）：本实验探究假木贼碱（anabasine）对四种短膜虫（Crithidia）谱系之一感染单个蜜蜂的影响，实验对象均为单独饲养的蜜蜂。(B) 生活史实验（Life History Experiment）：实验中将蜜蜂以3只工蜂为一组的微群落形式开展饲养。(C) 花粉剥夺实验（Pollen Deprivation Experiment）：实验对单个蜜蜂实施花粉剥夺处理。本研究通过χ²检验对广义线性混合效应模型（generalized linear mixed-effects models）中的各参数项显著性进行评估。为使数据更贴合模型假设，对短膜虫细胞计数结果开展ln(x+1)对数转换处理。翅缘细胞长度指蜜蜂右前翅的翅缘细胞长度，该指标用于估算蜜蜂体型大小（详见材料与方法）。此处所述蜂群指实验所用蜜蜂的原始来源蜂群。