Hawaiian Hemipterans III (Unsorted Hemiptera)

The insect order Hemiptera is a diverse group of insects with a complicated taxonomic history. Once thought to contain two major suborders, the Homoptera and Heteroptera, the group now contains four suborders following the subdivision of Homoptera into the three seperate suborders (Sternorrhyncha, Auchenorrhyncha and Coleorrhyncha) after genetic data suggested it was paraphyletic. More recent data now suggests the contrary, and within suborders classification is equally contentious. The Hemiptera, sometimes called "true bugs" are known for having sucking, piercing mouthparts and, as the name of the order implies, forwings modified into half-wings known as hemilytra which have a hardened upper half and flexible lower half. Many species, however have wings that are entirely membranous. A number of species are imports to human health and agriculture such as aphids, scale insects, bed bugs, and the kissing bugs which can transmit chagas disease. Ecologically the group is highly diverse and some, such as cicadas, have worked themselves into human literature and folklore. Please help us transcribe these Hemipterans which we have yet to sort but are valuable to the UHIM collection nonetheless! The total number of tasks for this dataset is: 401, number transcribed is 401 and number validated is 0.

半翅目（Hemiptera）是一类物种丰富且分类学历史错综复杂的昆虫类群。该类群曾被认为仅包含同翅目（Homoptera）与异翅亚目（Heteroptera）两大亚目，后因遗传学数据显示其为并系群（paraphyletic），原同翅目被拆分为胸喙亚目（Sternorrhyncha）、头喙亚目（Auchenorrhyncha）与鞘喙亚目（Coleorrhyncha）三个独立亚目，如今半翅目已涵盖四个亚目。但最新研究数据对此提出了相反观点，且亚目内部的分类同样存在较大争议。半翅目有时被称作“真蝽”（true bugs），其标志性特征为具有刺吸式口器；正如该目名称所暗示的，其前翅特化为半鞘翅（hemelytra）——一种上段坚硬、下段柔软的特化翅型。但诸多物种的翅膀完全为膜质。诸多物种对人类健康与农业生产造成危害，例如蚜虫、介壳虫、臭虫以及可传播恰加斯病（Chagas disease）的锥蝽（kissing bugs）。从生态学角度来看，该类群物种多样性极高，其中蝉类等类群还融入了人类文学与民俗文化之中。敬请协助我们转录这批尚未完成分类、但对UHIM馆藏极具价值的半翅目昆虫标本！本数据集的总任务量为401项，已完成转录的任务数为401，已完成验证的任务数为0。