Replication Data for: Gender and Clientelism: Do Expectations of Patronage Penalize Women Candidates in Legislative Elections?

How does the salience of clientelism in politics impact voter support for women legislative candidates? Existing research finds little bias against women legislative candidates in survey experiments. Where bias exists, it is due to “role congruity”, where voters penalize women because of a perceived lack of specific traits or issue preferences suitable for the position. Building on existing work, I theorize that the ability to deliver patronage is a “role” voters might find stereotypically incongruous with women. Using two waves of a nationally representative survey in Vietnam, I generate pre-registered predictions about the impact of a clientelism prime on bias against women legislative candidates. I then test the prediction, with results showing that when clientelism is primed, bias against women candidates increases. These results provide evidence that clientelism has gendered effects on political representation. It also theorizes an additional “role” that could penalize women at the polls.

政治领域中庇护主义（clientelism）的凸显程度，会如何影响选民对女性立法候选人的支持率？现有研究表明，在调查实验中，针对女性立法候选人的偏见整体较为少见。若存在此类偏见，则源于「角色契合度（role congruity）」：选民会因认为女性缺乏契合该职位的特定特质或政策偏好，而对其予以惩罚。本研究在既有研究基础上构建理论框架：施予庇护的能力，可被视为选民刻板印象中与女性身份不符的一项「角色」。本研究依托越南的两轮全国代表性抽样调查，生成了关于庇护主义启动对女性立法候选人偏见影响的预注册研究假设。随后对该假设进行检验，结果显示：当庇护主义被启动时，选民对女性候选人的偏见会显著上升。上述研究结果证实，庇护主义对政治代表权存在性别化影响；同时本研究还提出了一项新的「角色」维度，可解释选民在投票环节对女性候选人的惩罚行为。