Impact of Cucurbita and Cucumis rootstocks on the performance and quality of Piel de Sapo melon

Melon grafting represent an increasingly important strategy against biotic and abiotic stresses. Cucurbita hybrid rootstocks have been extensively developed for this purpose, but it is necessary to find new alternatives. In this work, several experimental rootstocks of cultivated and wild resources from the Cucurbita and Cucumis genera have been evaluated using Piel de Sapo melon as scion. Cucurbita rootstocks tended to increase fruit size and seed cavity and offered more rounded shapes at the early stages of ripening, but this effect was later minimised. Cucumis rootstocks tended to show less vigour than those of Cucurbita. C. metuliferus hybrid rootstock caused plant collapse at specific environmental conditions, probably due to differences in the growth of rootstock and scion. One of the Cucurbita maxima x C. moschata and the Cucurbita pepo experimental hybrids were also less vigorous, delaying flowering and fruit set, and compromising yield. The effects of Cucurbita and Cucumis rootstocks on sugar and acid accumulation of Piel de Sapo were almost negligible, but they altered the volatile profile. This last impact depended on the specific scion x rootstock interaction and the environmental conditions. Cucumis rootstocks tended to minimise it, especially the hybrid Cucumis melo subsp. melo x C. melo subsp. agrestis Pat 81, which offered a volatile profile highly resembling the non-grafted control. Among Cucurbita alternatives, the commercial hybrid Cucurbita maxima x C moschata had the lowest impact, while other experimental hybrids C. moschata x C. moschata and C. maxima x C. moschata increased levels of alcohols. Among Cucumis rootstocks, the hybrids of wild species Cucumis ficifolius x C. anguria and C. ficifolius x C. myriocarpus , and C. metuliferus had a higher impact on the volatile profile. In this data set you can find the data associated to the manuscript sent for consideration to the European Journal of Agronomy.甜瓜嫁接是应对生物与非生物胁迫的日益关键的栽培策略。南瓜属（Cucurbita）杂交砧木（rootstock）已为此被广泛开发，但仍需探寻新型替代砧木。本研究以皮尔德萨波甜瓜为接穗（scion），对取自南瓜属与黄瓜属（Cucumis）的栽培及野生资源的多款实验性砧木开展了评价。 南瓜属砧木在果实成熟初期可增大果径与果腔体积，并使果形更趋圆润，但该效应会随成熟进程逐渐减弱。黄瓜属砧木的长势普遍弱于南瓜属砧木。刺角瓜（C. metuliferus）杂交砧木在特定环境条件下会导致植株萎蔫死亡，该现象大概率源于砧木与接穗的生长速率差异。其中一款墨西哥南瓜（C. maxima）×中国南瓜（C. moschata）杂交组合，以及部分西葫芦（Cucurbita pepo）实验杂交砧木的长势同样偏弱，会延迟开花与坐果，并对产量造成不利影响。 南瓜属与黄瓜属砧木对皮尔德萨波甜瓜的糖酸积累几乎无显著影响，但会改变其挥发性物质谱（volatile profile）。该挥发性物质谱的变化取决于接穗-砧木的特定互作模式与环境条件。黄瓜属砧木通常可弱化该影响，其中以‘普通甜瓜亚种（Cucumis melo subsp. melo）×野甜瓜亚种（C. melo subsp. agrestis）Pat 81’杂交组合的效果最为突出，其挥发性物质谱与未嫁接的对照组高度相似。 在南瓜属替代砧木中，商用杂交组合墨西哥南瓜×中国南瓜对挥发性物质谱的影响最小，而其余实验杂交组合如中国南瓜×中国南瓜（C. moschata × C. moschata）与墨西哥南瓜×中国南瓜则会提升醇类物质的含量。 在黄瓜属砧木中，野生种杂交组合野黄瓜（Cucumis ficifolius）×西印度黄瓜（C. anguria）、野黄瓜×多果黄瓜（C. myriocarpus）以及刺角瓜（C. metuliferus）对挥发性物质谱的影响更为显著。 本数据集包含提交至《欧洲农学学刊》（European Journal of Agronomy）待审的研究论文相关的全部实验数据。