Summary of 1-minute survey measures.

Parenting programs show strong evidence for improving parent and child mental health, however, their population reach has been extremely low. Online ecological momentary interventions have been shown to benefit reach in adult mental and public health contexts but have not yet been tested in parenting programs. The current study sought to inform a larger project developing an emotion-focused parenting program designed to provide in-the-moment parenting support. Australian parents of children aged 2–4 years (N = 89, M = 36 years) were recruited online and completed a baseline questionnaire, followed by a 1-minute survey five times per day over a 7-day period. Of 19 ecological momentary assessment items tested, results showed that six items best measured in-the-moment parent and child negative affect and emotion dysregulation based on five purpose-defined criteria: sensitivity, relevance, alignment, frequency, and validity. These items were used to identify parenting situations and times of day associated with heightened parent and child negative affect and emotion dysregulation. Findings showed an overall response rate of 81%, with participant engagement highest at 7:30am and 7:30 pm. Parent/child dysregulation was heightened during evenings and parenting situations elicited differing levels of dysregulation in children and parents. The study provides novel data that will inform how best to develop a parenting program that provides parents and children with flexible, in-the-moment parenting support.育儿干预项目在改善亲子双方心理健康方面已有充分实证支持，但其人群覆盖度始终极低。线上生态瞬时干预（Online Ecological Momentary Intervention, EMI）已被证实可提升成人心理健康与公共卫生领域的服务覆盖度，但尚未在育儿项目中得到验证。本研究旨在为一项更大规模的项目提供依据，该项目将开发一款聚焦情绪的育儿支持项目，旨在为家长提供即时性育儿援助。本研究通过线上招募了89名育有2至4岁儿童的澳大利亚家长（平均年龄36岁），所有参与者首先完成基线问卷，随后在7天内每日完成5次时长1分钟的追踪调查。在测试的19项生态瞬时评估（Ecological Momentary Assessment, EMA）条目里，研究基于敏感性、相关性、契合性、频次与有效性五大预设标准，筛选出6项最能精准测量即时性亲子负性情绪与情绪失调的条目。随后利用筛选出的条目，识别出与亲子双方负性情绪水平升高及情绪失调相关的育儿场景与每日时段。研究整体有效回收率为81%，参与者在每日7:30与19:30的参与度最高。晚间时段亲子情绪失调水平显著升高，且不同育儿场景会引发儿童与家长出现程度各异的情绪失调。本研究提供了全新的实证数据，可为开发一款可为亲子双方提供灵活即时育儿支持的育儿项目提供科学依据。