Descriptive statistics on survey data.

Veterinarians are a pivotal force in addressing animal health and welfare surveillance, with a critical role in improving public health security and increasing the profits of livestock farmers. Yet, the veterinary profession is adversely affected by personnel shortages, particularly in rural areas. Since the health of people, animals and their shared environment are interconnected in a One Health perspective, a set of policies are required to ensure public health by attraction and retention of veterinarians in rural areas. In France, a tutored internship programme, financially subsiding students and mentors to execute a training period in remote rural areas, was promoted to better integrate and retain veterinary students ending their veterinary training. This paper aims to evaluate how veterinarians’ tutored internships influences students’ choices for rural practice, using three different statistical methods derived from causal inference theory. Using survey data for the period 2016–2020, we show that: (i) the average effect of the tutored internship on veterinarians’ work in food animal sector is not significant; and that (ii) the tutored internship leads veterinarians with a low share of work in the food animal sector to have a rural practise after they graduated between 13 and 20% greater than those who did not participate in the tutored internship.兽医是推动动物健康与福利监测的核心力量，在提升公共卫生安全水平、提高畜牧养殖户收益方面发挥着关键作用。然而，兽医行业正面临人员短缺的不利影响，这一问题在农村地区尤为突出。鉴于在同一健康（One Health）视角下，人类、动物及其共享环境的健康息息相关，因此需要通过一系列政策吸引并留住农村地区的兽医人才，以此保障公共卫生安全。在法国，一项为偏远农村地区培训周期内的学生与指导导师提供经济补贴的导师制实习计划得以推广，旨在更好地吸纳并留住即将完成兽医培训的学生。本文旨在借助因果推断理论衍生出的三种不同统计方法，评估兽医导师制实习对学生选择乡村执业的影响。本研究使用2016至2020年的调查数据，得出以下结论：(i) 导师制实习对兽医从事食用动物领域工作的平均影响并不显著；(ii) 相较于未参与该导师制实习的毕业生，在食用动物领域工作占比较低的兽医毕业生，毕业后选择乡村执业的概率高出13%至20%。