Profile and trend of risk factors for traffic accidents in schoolchildren in Brazilian capitals: PeNSE 2009, 2012 and 2015

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Land transport accidents (LTA) are the second cause of death in schoolchildren aged 13 to 17 years. The study aims to describe the risk factors for LTA in schoolchildren from the National School Health Survey (PeNSE) of 2015 and to evaluate the trend of selected indicators in the last three editions of PeNSE. Methodology: A descriptive study on risk factors for LTA in 2015, with PeNSE data and time series trends analysis, with age-adjusted regression tests of the 2009, 2012 and 2015 editions, in Brazilian capitals. Results: In 2015, 26.3% of ninth grade schoolchildren, mostly between 13 and 15 years of age, reported having been in a motor vehicle driven by someone who consumed alcohol and 32.4% had driven a motor vehicle; 30.7% of adolescents did not use seat belts in the back seat; and 16.8% of schoolchildren who ride motorcycles did not wear helmets. There was also a worsening of the indicators between 2009 and 2015, regarding driving a motor vehicle (1.0 percentage points) and having been driven by vehicle for consumption of alcoholic beverages (1.1 percentage points). Discussion: The LTA occurrence results from the interaction between roads, vehicles and users, and has a strong correlation with behavior. Conclusions: The results show the need to invest in educational measures, associated with supervision, the improvement of road infrastructure, research and improvement of legislation. The monitoring of risk factors in schoolchildren substantially contributes to support intersectoral public policies interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality in traffic.

摘要：引言：陆地交通事故（Land Transport Accidents, LTA）是13至17岁学龄儿童的第二大致死原因。本研究旨在依托2015年全国学校健康调查（National School Health Survey, PeNSE）数据，描述学龄儿童LTA的危险因素，并评估近三届PeNSE调查中选定指标的变化趋势。研究方法：本研究为描述性研究，基于2015年PeNSE数据分析学龄儿童LTA的危险因素，并对2009、2012及2015年三届巴西各首府的调查数据开展年龄校正回归分析，以进行时间序列趋势研究。结果：2015年，26.3%的九年级学龄儿童（多数年龄介于13至15岁）报告曾搭乘由饮酒者驾驶的机动车，32.4%的儿童曾驾驶机动车；30.7%的青少年未在车辆后排系安全带；16.8%的摩托车驾乘学龄儿童未佩戴安全头盔。2009年至2015年间，相关指标呈恶化趋势：驾驶机动车的比例上升1.0个百分点，搭乘饮酒者驾驶车辆的比例上升1.1个百分点。讨论：陆地交通事故的发生是道路、车辆与使用者之间相互作用的结果，且与行为因素存在强相关性。结论：本研究结果表明，需开展教育干预措施并结合监管、道路基础设施完善、相关研究推进及立法优化。对学龄儿童交通危险因素的监测，可为跨部门公共政策干预提供有力支撑，以降低交通相关的发病率与死亡率。