Anatomical parameters for musculoskeletal modeling of the hand and wrist

A musculoskeletal model of the hand and wrist can provide valuable biomechanical and neurophysiological insights, relevant for clinicians and ergonomists. Currently, no consistent data-set exists comprising the full anatomy of these upper extremity parts. The aim of this study was to collect a complete anatomical data-set of the hand and wrist, including the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles. One right lower arm, taken from a fresh frozen female specimen, was studied. Geometrical data for muscles and joints were digitized using a 3D optical tracking system. For each muscle, optimal fiber length and physiological cross-sectional area were assessed based on muscle belly mass, fiber length, and sarcomere length. A brief description of model, in which these data were imported as input, is also provided. Anatomical data including muscle morphology and joint axes (48 muscles and 24 joints) and mechanical representations of the hand are presented. After incorporating anatomical data in the presented model, a good consistency was found between outcomes of the model and the previous experimental studies.手与腕部肌肉骨骼模型（musculoskeletal model）可为临床医师与人类工效学家提供极具价值的生物力学及神经生理学见解。目前尚无涵盖该上肢部位完整解剖结构的统一数据集。本研究旨在构建一套涵盖手部与腕部（包括固有肌与外在肌）的完整解剖数据集。本次研究采用一具新鲜冷冻女性尸体的右侧前臂标本。利用三维光学追踪系统（3D optical tracking system）对肌肉与关节的几何数据进行数字化采集。针对每一块肌肉，基于肌腹质量、肌纤维长度及肌节长度，测算其最优肌纤维长度（optimal fiber length）与生理横截面积（physiological cross-sectional area）。本文还对导入上述数据作为输入参数的模型进行了简要说明。本文呈现了包含肌肉形态、关节轴（共计48块肌肉与24个关节）在内的解剖数据，以及手部力学表征模型。将上述解剖数据集成至本文提出的模型后，模型输出结果与既往实验研究结果具有良好的一致性。