Phenology and flower species availability define wild bee communities on river embankments

River embankments cover extensive areas in estuaries worldwide, yet their potential for pollinator conservation remains largely unexplored. Even more so than road verges, these embankments may offer widespread habitat for pollinators due to their size and sun-facing warm slopes. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of bee communities from 157 dike grasslands along the lower branches of the Meuse and Rhine rivers in the Netherlands in relation to vegetation composition and landscape characteristics. We encountered nearly half (156) of all Dutch bee species. Almost 10% of all individuals belonged to red-listed species, especially in early spring when we observed rich ground nesting bee communities with their associated kleptoparasites. Wild bee abundance and diversity increased with more flowering plant species present, but saturated at low flower species richness. This early saturation suggests that even modest conservation efforts could effectively alleviate floral resource limitati..., , , # Phenology and flower species availability define wild bee communities on river embankments

Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.ffbg79d5b](10.5061/dryad.ffbg79d5b)

## Description of the data and file structure

### Files and variables

#### File: LocationCoordinates.csv

**Description:** This file holds all location codes and their respective RD new (EPSG:28992) coordinates.

##### Variables

* Location: code for the location
* x-coord: x coordinate of the location (EPSG:28992 - Amersfoort / RD new)
* y-coord: y coordinate of the location (EPSG:28992 - Amersfoort / RD new)

#### File: BeesOnDykesNetherlands.csv

**Description:** This file holds wild bee survey data and associated variables.

##### Variables

* Location: code for the location used (the coordinates are provided in the LocationCoordinates.csv)

- Year: the year the survey was taken

* Date: the date of the survey (DD/MM/YYYY)

- Species: the scientific species name

* Time.start: start time of the survey - in some occasions sta...,

全球河口区域广泛分布着河岸堤防，但其在传粉昆虫（pollinator）保护方面的潜力尚未得到充分探索。相较于道路路肩，这类堤防凭借其广阔的面积与向阳温暖的坡地，或能为传粉昆虫提供更为广泛的栖息生境。本研究针对荷兰境内默兹河（Meuse）与莱茵河（Rhine）下游支流沿岸的157处堤岸草地开展研究，全面分析了当地蜂类群落与植被组成及景观特征的关联。本次调查共记录到荷兰境内近半数（156种）蜂类物种，其中约10%的个体隶属于红色名录物种（red-listed species），这一现象在早春尤为显著——彼时我们观测到了物种丰富的地面筑巢蜂类群落及其伴随的盗寄生生物（kleptoparasites）。野生蜂的丰度与多样性随开花植物物种数量的增加而上升，但在开花植物物种丰富度较低时便趋于饱和。这种早期饱和现象表明，即便适度的保护举措也能有效缓解花类资源限制...

# 物候与开花植物资源可获得性决定河岸堤岸的野生蜂群落

数据集DOI: [10.5061/dryad.ffbg79d5b](10.5061/dryad.ffbg79d5b)

## 数据与文件结构说明

### 文件与变量

#### 文件：位置坐标.csv（LocationCoordinates.csv）

**说明：** 该文件包含所有位置编码及其对应的新荷兰坐标系（RD new, EPSG:28992）坐标。

##### 变量
* 位置（Location）：位置编码
* x坐标（x-coord）：该位置的x坐标（EPSG:28992，阿默斯福特/新荷兰坐标系）
* y坐标（y-coord）：该位置的y坐标（EPSG:28992，阿默斯福特/新荷兰坐标系）

#### 文件：荷兰堤岸野生蜂调查.csv（BeesOnDykesNetherlands.csv）

**说明：** 该文件包含野生蜂调查数据及相关变量。

##### 变量
* 位置（Location）：所用位置的编码（坐标信息详见LocationCoordinates.csv文件）
* 调查年份（Year）：调查开展的年份
* 调查日期（Date）：调查日期（格式为日/月/年，DD/MM/YYYY）
* 物种（Species）：物种的科学学名
* 调查开始时间（Time.start）：调查的开始时间——部分情况下该字段存在截断...