Data Sheet 1_Molecular characterization of the heterogeneity of satellite cell populations isolated from an individual Turkey pectoralis major muscle.pdf

Satellite cells (SCs) are myogenic stem cells responsible for post hatch muscle growth and the regeneration of muscle fibers. Satellite cells are not a homogenous population of cells within a muscle and have variable rates of proliferation and differentiation even within a single fiber type muscle like the turkey pectoralis major muscle. In this study, the single satellite cell clones derived from the same turkey pectoralis major muscle with different proliferation rates were compared. The clones were classified as either fast-growing (early clone) or slow-growing (late clone) SCs. To thoroughly examine the molecular differences between these two groups, RNA sequencing was conducted to compare their transcriptomes following 72 h of proliferation. Principal Component Analysis confirmed that the transcriptomic profiles of early- and late-clones are markedly distinct. Differential gene expression analysis identified over 5,300 genes that were significantly differentially expressed between the two groups of cells. Gene ontology analysis showed that genes highly expressed in early clones are responsible for the fundamental aspects of muscle biology, including muscle tissue development and structural maturation. Conversely, genes upregulated in late clones are involved in cell-cell communication, extracellular matrix interactions, signal ligand activity, and cytokine activity—key components for forming an extracellular niche essential for functional satellite cells maintenance. Further examination of specific gene ontology categories such as muscle structure development and extracellular matrix components indicated significant differences in gene expression patterns between early- and late-clones. These findings highlight the genetic and functional diversity of SCs in turkeys. The distinct roles of these satellite cell populations indicate that a balance between them is necessary for preserving the normal physiological functions of SCs.

卫星细胞（Satellite Cells, SCs）是成肌干细胞，负责孵化后的肌肉生长以及肌纤维的再生。卫星细胞并非肌肉内的均一细胞群，即便在火鸡胸大肌这类单一肌纤维类型的肌肉中，其增殖与分化速率也存在显著差异。本研究对来自同一火鸡胸大肌、增殖速率存在差异的单株卫星细胞克隆进行了对比分析，将这些克隆分为快增殖型（早克隆）与慢增殖型（晚克隆）两类卫星细胞。为全面解析这两类细胞间的分子差异，研究团队在细胞增殖72小时后，通过RNA测序对比了二者的转录组谱。主成分分析（Principal Component Analysis, PCA）证实，早克隆与晚克隆的转录组特征存在显著差异。差异基因表达分析显示，两类细胞间共有超过5300个基因存在显著表达差异。基因本体（Gene Ontology, GO）分析结果表明，早克隆中高表达的基因参与肌肉生物学的核心过程，包括肌肉组织发育与结构成熟。与之相反，晚克隆中上调的基因则参与细胞间通讯、细胞外基质互作、信号配体活性以及细胞因子活性过程——这些都是构建功能性卫星细胞维持所必需的细胞外微环境的关键组分。针对肌肉结构发育、细胞外基质组分等特定基因本体类别的进一步分析显示，早克隆与晚克隆的基因表达模式存在显著差异。上述研究结果凸显了火鸡卫星细胞的遗传与功能多样性。这两类卫星细胞群的不同功能表明，维持二者间的动态平衡对于保障卫星细胞的正常生理功能至关重要。