Mussel-Inspired Hemostatic Hydrogel Adhesive Formulated from a Gelatin-Oxidized Dextrin Double Network

Hydrogels are recognized for their excellent biocompatibility and
biodegradability, making them promising candidates for hemostatic materials,
especially in cases of intra-abdominal bleeding or injury to vital organs. In this
study, a mussel-inspired adhesive hemostatic hydrogel, GMOD, is developed,
which features injectability, outstanding biocompatibility, and
biodegradability. The hydrogel is synthesized through Schiff base crosslinking
of oxidized dextran and gelatin, enhanced with dopamine to form a robust
double network structure. This unique double network not only provides
mechanical stability but also significantly enhances tissue adhesion as well as
the adhesion of red blood cells and platelets, resulting in a 76% reduction in
bleeding in a mouse liver hemorrhage model. Additionally, the incorporation
of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) into GMOD enables sustained
release, promoting skin wound healing and reducing inflammatory responses
in mice. In summary, a highly adhesive, injectable, and rapid hemostatic
hydrogel is presented that demonstrates considerable potential for use in
intra-abdominal hemostasis, leveraging the advantages of a double network
structure to enhance its performance.