Raw data of TLC and UHPLC.

Antibiotics are widely used in commercial fish farms in Bangladesh for therapeutic and prophylactic purpose, raising concerns about antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and environmental contamination. This study used Thin Layer Chromatography to detect antimicrobial residues in four commercially available fish species- Tilapia (Oreochromis aureus), Stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis), Climbing perch (Anabas testudineus), and Pabda (Ompok pabda)—with 100 samples per species. Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography quantified residues in a subset of 25 samples per species. The prevalence of Ciprofloxacin, Oxytetracycline, and Chlortetracycline residues varied significantly among fish species, with the highest prevalence observed for Ciprofloxacin in Tilapia (42%), Oxytetracycline in Pabda (41%), and Chlortetracycline in Tilapia (49%). Additionally, the prevalence of Levofloxacin and Chlortetracycline differed by sampling location, with the highest levels found in Jhawtala market, 27.5% for Levofloxacin and 53.8% for Chlortetracycline. Furthermore, residue concentrations were highest for Enrofloxacin in Climbing perch (69.32 µg/Kg) and Oxytetracycline in Pabda (88.73 µg/Kg). The highest Hazard Quotient (HQ) was for Enrofloxacin in Climbing perch (0.480), followed by Pabda (0.460), Stinging catfish (0.420), and Tilapia (0.387). While the HQ values were below 1.0, indicating no immediate toxicological risk, residues raise public health concerns due to the chance of potential AMR development. Further research is needed on antimicrobial bioaccumulation, indirect exposure sources, environmental contamination, and antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture and wild fish.抗生素在孟加拉国的商业水产养殖场中被广泛用于治疗与预防用途，由此引发了抗菌药物耐药性（antimicrobial resistance, AMR）与环境污染的担忧。本研究采用薄层色谱法（Thin Layer Chromatography），对四种市售鱼类开展抗菌药物残留检测：分别为奥利亚罗非鱼（Oreochromis aureus）、蟾胡鲶（Heteropneustes fossilis）、龟壳攀鲈（Anabas testudineus）以及帕巴鲇（Ompok pabda），每个物种采集100份样本。后续采用超高效液相色谱法（Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography），对每个物种的25份子样本进行残留定量分析。环丙沙星、土霉素与金霉素的残留检出率在不同鱼类物种间存在显著差异：罗非鱼的环丙沙星检出率最高（42%），帕巴鲇的土霉素检出率最高（41%），罗非鱼的金霉素检出率最高（49%）。此外，左氧氟沙星与金霉素的检出率因采样地点不同存在差异，其中贾瓦塔拉（Jhawtala）市场的检出水平最高，左氧氟沙星检出率为27.5%，金霉素检出率为53.8%。进一步分析显示，各物种中药物残留浓度最高的分别为：龟壳攀鲈体内的恩诺沙星（69.32 µg/Kg），帕巴鲇体内的土霉素（88.73 µg/Kg）。最高危险商值（Hazard Quotient, HQ）为龟壳攀鲈体内的恩诺沙星（0.480），其次依次为帕巴鲇（0.460）、蟾胡鲶（0.420）与罗非鱼（0.387）。尽管所有危险商值均低于1.0，表明不存在即时毒理学风险，但残留药物仍存在引发抗菌药物耐药性的潜在可能，从而对公共健康构成隐患。未来仍需针对水产养殖与野生鱼类中的抗菌药物生物富集、间接暴露来源、环境污染以及抗菌药物耐药性开展进一步研究。