Riboflavin intake and kidney health: population evidence and mechanistic insights from NHANES and molecular docking analyses

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) constitutes a significant global public health challenge, with emerging evidence suggesting that riboflavin may confer renoprotective effects. However, the association between dietary riboflavin intake and CKD risk remains inadequately elucidated. To investigate this, we analyzed National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2018 datasets using weighted multivariate logistic regression, interaction testing, stratified subgroup analyses, and curve fitting. Additionally, network pharmacology and molecular docking simulations were employed to identify and validate potential therapeutic targets. Our results showed that patients with CKD exhibited significantly lower riboflavin intake than their non-CKD counterparts (1.98 vs. 2.21 mg/d, p慢性肾脏病（Chronic kidney disease, CKD）是一项严峻的全球公共卫生挑战，越来越多的研究证据表明，核黄素可能具有肾保护作用。然而，膳食核黄素摄入与慢性肾脏病发病风险之间的关联仍未得到充分阐明。为探究这一问题，本研究采用加权多因素logistic回归、交互作用检验、分层亚组分析以及曲线拟合方法，对美国国家健康与营养检查调查（National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, NHANES）2005-2018年数据集进行了分析。此外，本研究还通过网络药理学与分子对接模拟技术，对潜在治疗靶点进行识别与验证。研究结果显示，慢性肾脏病患者的核黄素摄入量显著低于非慢性肾脏病受试者（1.98 vs 2.21 mg/d，P