REDUCTION OF WIND-INDUCED AERODYNAMIC RESISTANCE ON THE AFROSIYOB HIGH-SPEED ELECTRIC TRAIN THROUGH RETROFIT MODIFICATIONS OF THE PANTOGRAPH ZONE, WAGON SPACING, AND BOGIE SECTION: COUPLED MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND ROBUST OPTIMIZATION

In high-speed electric trains, aerodynamic resistance increases sharply with increasing speed, and in wind (headwind/crosswind) conditions, the relative flow velocity and the appearance of the yaw angle further increase drag and energy consumption. This work proposes a mathematical model for the Afrosiyob train that combines (coupled) evaluation of retrophytic modifications by pantograph zone, wagon spacing (inter-car gap) and bogie/bottom. The main idea of the model is that simple addition of individual solutions by zones does not always give a general optimum; therefore, the CDA drag-area is represented by the term of zonal decomposition and interzonal coupling. This framework is connected to the robust optimization problem under wind statistics, aiming to simultaneously improve the expected energy in moderate conditions and the risk indicator in strong wind conditions. The results are obtained through 6-Simulation ablation (base, separate 3 zones, coupling zero sum, coupled optimum).在高速电力列车中，空气动力学阻力随速度提升呈急剧上升趋势；在风况（逆风/侧风）条件下，相对来流速度与偏航角的存在会进一步增大列车阻力与能耗。本研究针对Afrosiyob列车构建了一套数学模型，可对受电弓区域、车厢间距（车间隙）以及转向架/车体底部的改装优化效果开展耦合评估。该模型的核心思路为：仅对各区域的单独优化方案进行简单叠加，往往无法得到全局最优解；因此，将CDA阻力面积表示为区域分解与区域间耦合的组合项。本框架与基于风况统计的鲁棒优化问题相结合，旨在同时提升中等风况下的预期能耗表现，并优化强风况下的风险指标。研究结果通过6组仿真消融实验获得，具体分组包括基准组、三分区域独立优化组、耦合零和组以及耦合最优组。