Bivariate correlations among study variables.

BackgroundWhile research has examined the effect of stigma from others towards individuals with substance use disorders, few studies have examined the relationship between perceived self-stigma and engagement in substance use more broadly, especially among non-clinical samples.AimsThe present study examined the relationships between perceptions of self-stigma if one were to develop a substance use disorder, consisting of negative self-esteem and negative self-efficacy, and alcohol or marijuana use behaviors and outcomes.MethodParticipants (n = 2,243; 71.5% female) were college students within the U.S. recruited to participate in an online survey on substance use with a special focus on alcohol and marijuana.ResultsResults indicated no significant differences in stigma scores across individuals with different lifetime alcohol and marijuana use. Stigma ratings did differ between individuals with different profiles of last 30-day alcohol and marijuana use where, generally, individuals with lifetime use but no use in the last 30-day reported higher levels of self-stigma. Correlation analyses indicated that perceived impact of substance use disorder on sense of self-efficacy and self-esteem related negatively to nearly all observed factors of alcohol and marijuana use.ConclusionsThough self-stigma, and stigma more broadly, has been shown to have negative implications for people with substance use disorders, the present study suggests that for non-clinical populations there may be some protective association between perceived self-stigma and alcohol or marijuana use engagement. This is not to say that self-stigma is a positive clinical intervention. Rather, we interpret these findings to indicate that negative perceptions of substance use disorder on the sense of self may be associated with distinct alcohol and marijuana use behaviors among young adults.

研究背景
尽管已有诸多研究探讨了外界污名对物质使用障碍（substance use disorders）患者的影响，但目前鲜有研究系统考察感知到的自我污名（self-stigma）与更广泛的物质使用行为之间的关联，尤其是在非临床样本（non-clinical samples）中。

研究目的
本研究旨在探讨若个体罹患物质使用障碍时，其感知到的自我污名（包含负面自尊（negative self-esteem）与负面自我效能感（negative self-efficacy）两个维度）与酒精或大麻使用行为及相关结局之间的关联。

研究方法
本研究的参与者为美国本土在校大学生，共计2243名，其中女性占比71.5%。招募对象参与一项关于物质使用的线上调查，该调查重点关注酒精与大麻的使用情况。

研究结果
结果显示，不同终生酒精及大麻使用史的个体之间，污名评分无显著差异。而在近30天酒精与大麻使用模式不同的个体中，污名评分存在显著差异：总体而言，有终生使用史但近30天未使用的个体报告的自我污名水平更高。相关性分析结果表明，物质使用障碍对个体自我效能感与自尊的感知影响，与几乎所有观测到的酒精及大麻使用相关因素均呈负相关。

研究结论
尽管已有研究表明，自我污名及更广泛的污名对物质使用障碍患者存在负面影响，但本研究结果显示，在非临床人群中，感知到的自我污名与酒精或大麻使用行为之间可能存在一定的保护性关联。这并非意味着自我污名是一种积极的临床干预手段。相反，我们对本研究结果的解读为：个体对物质使用障碍的负面自我认知，可能与年轻群体中特定的酒精及大麻使用行为存在关联。