Supporting Information for Exploring seasonal and annual nitrogen transfer and ecological response in river-coast continuums based on spatially explicit models

Here we provide the biological model equations (Text S1). In Text S2, model validation for IMAGE-GNM and ROMS are present by comparing with measured values (Figure. S2-S4). Finally, model limitation and improvements are discussed (Text S3). Figures start with Figure S1 showing the scheme of the coupled physical–biological numerical model (ROMS) for the Taiwan Strait linking river N input from the IMAGE-GNM model. Figures S2-S4 show the model validations. Thereafter, we show the monthly precipitation and runoff in Figure S5, monthly observed river discharge and simulated total nitrogen export flux in Figure S6. Monthly simulated mean surface temperature was shown in Figure S7 and salinity in Figure S8. Then simulated surface mean surface nitrate, ammonium, Chla difference between with and without river nitrogen input are shown in Figures S9-S11, respectively. Finally, monthly mean values of key environmental factors controlling the phytoplankton growth rate were plotted in Figures S12-S14. Table S1 show the Characteristics of the main rivers influencing the Taiwan Strait. Table S2 is a summary of estimated DIN flux by main sources to the TWS in 2001-2010. Table S3 list the correlation coefficient (r) and p value in the correlation analysis between the key environmental factor anomalies at annual scale. Data tables S1-S3 are data supporting the conclusions.<br>

本研究提供了生物模型方程（补充文本S1，Text S1）。
在补充文本S2（Text S2）中，通过与实测值对比，完成了IMAGE-GNM与ROMS的模型验证（图S2~S4）。最后，本文讨论了模型的局限性与改进方向（补充文本S3，Text S3）。
首幅附图为图S1，展示了针对台湾海峡的物理-生物耦合数值模型（ROMS）的构建框架，该模型耦合了IMAGE-GNM模型输出的河流氮输入过程。图S2至S4为模型验证结果。
随后，图S5展示了月均降水与径流数据，图S6展示了实测月均河流径流量与模拟总氮输出通量。图S7为模拟月均表层水温，图S8为模拟月均表层盐度。
随后，图S9至S11分别展示了有无河流氮输入情景下的模拟表层硝酸盐、铵盐以及叶绿素a（Chla）浓度差异。最后，图S12至S14绘制了调控浮游植物生长速率的关键环境因子的月均数值。
表S1列出了影响台湾海峡（TWS）的主要河流的特征参数。表S2汇总了2001-2010年台湾海峡（TWS）各主要来源的溶解无机氮（DIN）输入通量估算结果。表S3列出了年际尺度关键环境因子异常值之间相关性分析的相关系数（r）与p值。表S1至S3为支撑本文结论的基础数据。