Catches of numerous insect species in Rothamsted 160W light trap at Devonport, Tasmania, 1992-2019

These data derive from decades of near-continuous (1992 - 2019, apart from 2008 and 2009) operation of a 160W Rothamsted-design light trap at Stony Rise Centre, Devonport, Tasmania, Australia. Stony Rise was the last of several long term, continuous trapping sites operated over this period by the Tasmanian state agricultural agency, currently known as the Department of Natural Resources and Environment Tasmania. The light was normally operated every night, with all individuals of selected taxa counted. There were 5433 trapping events covering 7897 nights including 4167 single-night events, 502 two-night events, 516 three-night events and 165 four-night events. The remaining 83 events were variously 5-14 nights duration. There were 194 sporadic nights when the trap malfunctioned, which is about 2.5% of 7897 nights in the main trapping periods. The trap did not operate for extended periods (3-6 months) in early 1996, early 1998, all of 2007, all of 2008, all of 2009, early 2010 and late 2015. Enumeration of catches ceased on 6 February 2019. A total of 222,146 specimens were identified and enumerated for the data set. <strong>Dataset</strong> The initial focus of the trapping was on Noctuidae and insect species of economic importance for Tasmanian agriculture. The taxa selected for identification and counts grew from 104 taxa in 1992 to 273 taxa in 2019. Consequently, absence of some species from early samples should not be considered to indicate absence of these species. During periods in which any species was included in counts, a record is always included for the species in question, with a count of zero if no individuals were detected. During periods in which the species was not included in counts, no record is included for the species and period in question. Hence zero counts can always be considered to represent true absence within the sample of identified insects. An explanation of the survey work leading to this dataset and an overview of species included was published in Hill, L., 2013b, Long-term light trap data from Tasmania, Australia, Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.28(1) (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700470_Long-term_light_trap_data_from_Tasmania_Australia). The bibliography lists publications derived from analysis of these data. <strong>Purpose</strong> The focus was on prognosis of Persectania ewingii Westwood, southern armyworm and several other noctuid pests such as Helicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren), native budworm and Agrotis species, true cutworms, which were all subsequently shown to undertake substantial annual immigration from mainland Australia to Tasmania across Bass Strait (Drake et al. 1981, Hill 1993, Hill 2007a). The reliability of using light trap catches to forecast larval outbreaks of southern armyworm was determined empirically since 1953 (Hill, L. 2013c). A history of forecasting outbreaks of the southern armyworm, Persectania ewingii (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Tasmania. Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.28(1), 15-21. Many frequent or infrequent vagrant Lepidoptera and other taxa were detected and the status of some of these was asserted in scientific publications (Hill 2011a, 2012a, 2013d, 2014, 2015, 2016a, 2016b, 2017). Sex ratio data for 38 species of Noctuidae was collected but is not provided in this dataset. Data from similar traps at other Tasmanian sites, back to 1953 for a few species, as described by Hill (2013c) is held variously in hardcopy format by the Department of Natural Resources and Environment Tasmania. It is available on request. <strong>Temporal scope</strong> January 1, 1992 - February 6, 2019 <strong>Geographic scope</strong> Stony Rise Centre, Devonport, Tasmania, Australia <strong>Taxonomic scope</strong> 227 species or higher taxa of Lepidoptera, representing about 30 families. 7 taxa of Coleoptera, representing 2 families. 6 taxa of Diptera representing 6 families. 12 taxa of Hemiptera representing 6 families. 3 taxa of Hymenoptera representing 1 family. 16 taxa of Neuroptera representing 5 families. 1 taxon of Blattodea. 1 taxon of Orthoptera. <strong>Methodology</strong> <em>Study extent</em> The light trap was installed at Stony Rise Centre (government offices), 1 Rundle Street, Devonport, Tasmania (146.32 E, 41.18 S). <em>Sampling</em> The trap was similar to the Rothamsted-design traps operated in the United Kingdom, consisting of a clear glass or Perspex, truncated pyramid of 52 cm square base, 22 cm height and 12 cm top aperture surrounding a square, glass funnel of slightly lesser height with 20 cm top aperture and 4 cm bottom aperture. This was mounted on a wooden base-board about 1.3 m above ground under a ridged, steel roof. A 160 W mercury vapour bulb was suspended within the funnel from the ceiling of the roof cavity, in which a clock switch was fitted. Clearance between the top aperture of the funnel and the ceiling of the roof was about 4 cm. The catch was collected into a single 10 cm square glass jar with a plaster of Paris floor bearing tetrachlorethane killing fluid and with a 9 cm orifice screwed to the underside of the baseboard. This jar contained a piece of crumpled paper towel to reduce rubbing of specimens. In December 2015 the trap was rebuilt in stainless steel to the same dimensions and using the original collection pyramid and funnel. The clock switch was replaced by a light sensitive switch. <em>Quality control</em> Only selected insect species were sorted and identified, counted and written into a data file. Some insects were only sorted and counted using supraspecific ranks. The range of included species grew over the period. Records for each interval exclude taxa which were not sorted or identified during the period in question. Hence zero counts indicate absence of the insects concerned during a trapping period. <em>Method steps</em> In the study, all individual records of selected target insect species were collected, identified to species level and counted yielding qualitative (species) and quantitative (number of individuals within each species) data for the entire study period. The recorded taxa are listed in taxon.csv in this dataset, along with summary information on the first and last events during which the taxon was monitored, the number of events in which the taxon could have been detected, the actual number in which it was detected, the total number of individuals detected, and the number of individuals detected in each year from 1992 to 2019 and in each month of the year. All handling and identification of material was carried out consistently throughout the entire period by the same researcher. Over 9000 specimens in several hundred taxa from this light trap are preserved in the Tasmanian Agricultural Insect Collection, Hobart, Tasmania (https://collections.ala.org.au/public/show/co131). Note specimen records are not included in this dataset. Images of representative specimens of most recorded taxa are included in the image subfolder and listed in image.csv. For insects identified only to genus or higher, it should not be assumed that all records over the period matched the species illustrated. The data were prepared for publication as a Darwin Core sampling event dataset via a series of transformations within Excel and comprises the following CSV files: event.csv (Darwin Core sampling event records) and occurrence.csv (Darwin Core occurrence records linked to event.csv by eventID). Two other CSV files are included but not mapped through the Darwin Core Archive meta.xml. First, image.csv lists images of example specimens of many of the taxa recorded in the dataset. These images are included in the image folder. Secondly, taxon.csv summarises the taxa referenced within occurrence.csv, cross-references the images as associatedMedia and provides summary counts for the number of individuals of each taxon recorded in each year of the study and in each calendar month through the period. <strong>Bibliography</strong> Drake et al. 1981. Insect migration across Bass Strait during spring: a radar study. Bulletin of Entomological Research 71, 449-66. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300008476 Hill 1993. Colour in adult Helicoverpa punctigera Wallengren (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) as an indicator of migratory origin. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 32, 145-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1993.tb00563.x Hill 2007a. Agrotis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) species in Tasmania including montane, summer aestivation of the bogong moth, Agrotis infusa (Boisduval, 1832). Victorian Entomologist 37(1), 3-9. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700557 Hill 2007b. The chevron cutworm, Diarsia intermixta in Tasmania. Victorian Entomologist 37(5), 68-76. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700503 Hill 2011a. The Pacific damsel bug, Nabis kinbergii in Tasmania. Victorian Entomologist 41(5), 99-107. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700561 Hill 2011b. The heliotrope moth, Utetheisa pulchelloides in Tasmania. Victoria Entomologist 41(4), 69-73. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700401 Hill 2011c. Continual migration across Bass Strait? Victorian Entomologist 41(6), 117-22. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700626. Hill 2012a. Cabbage-centre grub Hellula hydralis, not resident in Tasmania. Plant Protection Quarterly 27(3), 91-100. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700462 Hill 2012b. The brown lacewing, Micromus tasmaniae in Tasmania: Part 1. Victorian Entomologist 42(5), 94-101. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700563. Hill 2012c. The brown lacewing, Micromus tasmaniae in Tasmania: Part 2. Victorian Entomologist 42(6), 115-20. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700504 Hill 2013a. A history of forecasting outbreaks of the southern armyworm, Persectania ewingii (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Tasmania. Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.28(1), 15-21. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700550 Hill 2013b. Long-term light trap data from Tasmania, Australia. Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.28(1), 22-27. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700470. Hill 2013c. The common armyworm, Mythimna convecta (Walker) (Noctuidae:Lepidoptera), a seasonal resident in Tasmania. Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.28(4), 114-119. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700391 Hill 2013d. Earias moths, rare vagrants in Tasmania. Victorian Entomologist 43(2), 40-43. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700577. Hill 2013e. Australia painted lady butterflies light-trapped in Tasmania. Victorian Entomologist 43(4), 76-81. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700637 Hill 2013f. The satin moth, Thalaina selenaea in Tasmania. Victorian Entomologist 43(5), 106-111. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700628 Hill 2014. Lesser armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a vagrant moth in Tasmania. Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.29(4), 131-142. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700387 Hill 2015. Eggfruit caterpillar, Sceliodes cordalis (Doubleday) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), a vagrant moth and indicator for likelihood of Queensland fruit fly establishment in Tasmania? Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.30(1), 27-39. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311950878. Hill 2016a. An extreme rain event brings two vagrant moths to Tasmania. Victorian Entomologist 46(4), 88-89. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311951473. Hill 2016b. Meyrickella ruptellus (Noctuidae: Hypeninae), a rare vagrant in Tasmania. Victorian Entomologist 46(3), 60-66. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311950973 Hill 2017. Migration of green mirid, Creontiades dilutus (Stål) and residence of potato bug, Closterotomus norwegicus (Gmelin) in Tasmania (Hemiptera: Miridae: Mirinae: Mirini). Crop Protection 96(2017), 211-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2017.02.006本数据集源自澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚州德文波特市斯通赖斯中心（Stony Rise Centre）一台160瓦罗斯坦德型诱虫灯（Rothamsted-design light trap）近数十年的连续运行数据（1992年至2019年，仅2008年和2009年除外）。斯通赖斯中心是该时期塔斯马尼亚州农业部门（现更名为塔斯马尼亚州自然资源与环境部）运营的多个长期连续诱捕站点中的最后一个。该诱虫灯通常每晚运行，对选定分类群（taxa）的所有个体进行计数。本次研究共包含5433次诱捕事件，覆盖7897个夜晚：其中4167次为单夜诱捕，502次为两夜诱捕，516次为三夜诱捕，165次为四夜诱捕。剩余83次诱捕事件的持续时长为5至14个夜晚不等。诱虫灯共出现194次间歇性故障停机，约占主诱捕期7897个夜晚的2.5%。1996年初、1998年初、2007年全年、2008年全年、2009年全年、2010年初及2015年末，诱虫灯均有长达3至6个月的停机时段。诱捕计数工作于2019年2月6日终止，本数据集共鉴定并统计了222146号标本。<strong>数据集</strong>本诱捕项目最初的监测重点为夜蛾科（Noctuidae）昆虫以及对塔斯马尼亚州农业具有经济重要性的昆虫物种。需鉴定并计数的选定分类群数量从1992年的104个增至2019年的273个。因此，早期样本中未检出某些物种，不应被视为该物种在当地不存在。当某物种被纳入计数范围时，该时期内该物种均会有对应的记录：若未检出个体，则计数为0。若某物种未被纳入计数范围，则该时期内不会有该物种的相关记录。因此，计数为0始终可视为在已鉴定昆虫样本中该物种确实未出现。针对本数据集相关调查工作的说明以及所纳入物种的概述已发表于Hill L.于2013b年发表的《澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚州长期诱虫灯数据》（*Long-term light trap data from Tasmania, Australia*），载于《植物保护季刊》（*Plant Protection Quarterly*）第28卷第1期（链接：https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700470_Long-term_light_trap_data_from_Tasmania_Australia）。本参考文献列表收录了基于本数据集分析所发表的相关研究成果。<strong>研究目的</strong>本项目的监测重点为南方粘虫（*Persectania ewingii* Westwood）以及其他数种夜蛾类害虫，如本地芽夜蛾（*Helicoverpa punctigera* (Wallengren)）和地老虎属（*Agrotis* 物种，即真地老虎）。后续研究表明，这些物种均会每年经由巴斯海峡从澳大利亚大陆大规模迁飞至塔斯马尼亚州（Drake等，1981；Hill，1993；Hill，2007a）。自1953年起，研究人员便通过实证方式验证了利用诱虫灯捕获量预测南方粘虫幼虫暴发的可靠性（Hill L.，2013c）：《塔斯马尼亚州南方粘虫（鳞翅目：夜蛾科）暴发预测史》，载于《植物保护季刊》第28卷第1期，第15-21页。本项目还检出了多种频繁或偶发的迁飞性鳞翅目（Lepidoptera）昆虫及其他分类群，其中部分类群的种群地位已在学术出版物中得到阐明（Hill，2011a、2012a、2013d、2014、2015、2016a、2016b、2017）。本数据集未收录38种夜蛾科昆虫的性别比例数据。塔斯马尼亚州自然资源与环境部以纸质形式保存了塔斯马尼亚州其他站点同类诱虫灯的监测数据（部分物种的数据可追溯至1953年，详见Hill，2013c），如有需要可申请获取。<strong>时间范围</strong>1992年1月1日至2019年2月6日<strong>地理范围</strong>澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚州德文波特市斯通赖斯中心<strong>分类学范围</strong>共涵盖227个鳞翅目（Lepidoptera）物种或更高阶分类群，隶属于约30个科；鞘翅目（Coleoptera）7个分类群，隶属于2个科；双翅目（Diptera）6个分类群，隶属于6个科；半翅目（Hemiptera）12个分类群，隶属于6个科；膜翅目（Hymenoptera）3个分类群，隶属于1个科；脉翅目（Neuroptera）16个分类群，隶属于5个科；蜚蠊目（Blattodea）1个分类群；直翅目（Orthoptera）1个分类群。<strong>研究方法</strong><em>研究范围</em>诱虫灯安装于塔斯马尼亚州德文波特市Rundle街1号斯通赖斯中心（政府办公楼），坐标为东经146.32°，南纬41.18°。<em>采样方案</em>本诱虫灯参照英国使用的罗斯坦德型诱虫灯（Rothamsted-design light trap）设计，主体为透明玻璃或有机玻璃材质的截头金字塔结构：底座为52厘米见方，高22厘米，顶部开孔直径12厘米；金字塔内部设有一个高度略低的方形玻璃漏斗，漏斗顶部开孔直径20厘米，底部开孔直径4厘米。该结构安装在距地面约1.3米的木质底板上，上方设有带脊的钢制屋顶。屋顶空腔的天花板下方悬挂有一个160瓦的汞蒸气灯，位于漏斗内部，空腔内安装有定时开关。漏斗顶部开孔与屋顶天花板之间的间隙约为4厘米。诱捕的昆虫会被收集至一个10厘米见方的玻璃罐中：罐底铺有添加了四氯乙烷杀虫液的熟石膏，罐口直径9厘米，通过螺纹固定于底板下方。罐内放置一张揉皱的纸巾，以减少标本之间的摩擦损伤。2015年12月，诱虫灯被更换为不锈钢材质，保留原有尺寸以及集虫金字塔和漏斗结构，同时将定时开关更换为光控开关。<em>质量控制</em>仅对选定的昆虫物种进行分拣、鉴定、计数并录入数据文件，部分昆虫仅按种以上分类单元进行分拣和计数。纳入监测的物种范围随时间推移不断扩大。每个采样时段的记录均排除了该时段内未进行分拣或鉴定的分类群，因此计数为0代表该诱捕时段内未检出目标昆虫。<em>研究步骤</em>本研究收集了选定目标昆虫物种的所有个体记录，鉴定至物种水平并进行计数，从而获得整个研究周期内的定性（物种组成）和定量（各物种种群数量）数据。本数据集的taxon.csv文件中列出了所有记录的分类群，同时附带以下汇总信息：该分类群首次和末次被监测的事件、可检出该分类群的事件总数、实际检出该分类群的事件数、检出的总个体数，以及1992年至2019年各年份和每个日历月的检出个体数。整个研究周期内，所有标本的处理和鉴定工作均由同一名研究人员完成，以保证方法的一致性。本诱虫灯采集的数百个分类群的9000余号标本，现保存于塔斯马尼亚州霍巴特的塔斯马尼亚农业昆虫标本馆（链接：https://collections.ala.org.au/public/show/co131）。请注意，本数据集未包含标本的原始记录。本数据集的image子文件夹中包含多数记录分类群的代表性标本图像，相关列表见image.csv文件。对于仅鉴定至属或更高分类阶元的昆虫，不应认为整个研究周期内的所有记录均与图示物种一致。本数据集通过Excel中的一系列数据转换处理，按照达尔文核心（Darwin Core）采样事件数据集标准进行整理以用于发表，包含以下CSV文件：event.csv（达尔文核心采样事件记录）以及occurrence.csv（通过eventID与event.csv关联的达尔文核心发生记录）。本数据集还包含另外两个CSV文件，但未在达尔文核心档案元数据meta.xml中进行映射：其一为image.csv，列出了本数据集多数记录分类群的标本示例图像，相关图像文件存放在image文件夹中；其二为taxon.csv，汇总了occurrence.csv中引用的分类群，将图像关联为associatedMedia字段，并提供了研究周期内各年份和每个日历月各分类群的个体数量统计汇总。<strong>参考文献</strong>Drake等，1981. 《巴斯海峡春季昆虫迁飞：雷达研究》，载于《昆虫学研究公报》第71卷，第449-466页。https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300008476Hill，1993. 《成虫体色作为*Helicoverpa punctigera* Wallengren（鳞翅目：夜蛾科）迁飞来源的指示指标》，载于《澳大利亚昆虫学杂志》第32卷，第145-151页。https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1993.tb00563.xHill，2007a. 《塔斯马尼亚州的地老虎属（鳞翅目：夜蛾科）物种，包括 bogong 蛾*Agrotis infusa*（Boisduval，1832）的山地夏季夏眠》，载于《维多利亚昆虫学家》第37卷第1期，第3-9页。https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700557Hill，2007b. 《塔斯马尼亚州的V形切根虫*Diarsia intermixta*》，载于《维多利亚昆虫学家》第37卷第5期，第68-76页。https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700503Hill，2011a. 《塔斯马尼亚州的太平洋姬蝽*Nabis kinbergii*》，载于《维多利亚昆虫学家》第41卷第5期，第99-107页。https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700561Hill，2011b. 《塔斯马尼亚州的天芥菜蛾*Utetheisa pulchelloides*》，载于《维多利亚昆虫学家》第41卷第4期，第69-73页。https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700401Hill，2011c. 《持续跨越巴斯海峡的迁飞？》，载于《维多利亚昆虫学家》第41卷第6期，第117-122页。https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700626Hill，2012a. 《菜心螟*Hellula hydralis*并非塔斯马尼亚的常住物种》，载于《植物保护季刊》第27卷第3期，第91-100页。https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700462Hill，2012b. 《塔斯马尼亚州的棕色草蛉*Micromus tasmaniae*：第一部分》，载于《维多利亚昆虫学家》第42卷第5期，第94-101页。https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700563Hill，2012c. 《塔斯马尼亚州的棕色草蛉*Micromus tasmaniae*：第二部分》，载于《维多利亚昆虫学家》第42卷第6期，第115-120页。https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700504Hill，2013a. 《塔斯马尼亚州南方粘虫*Persectania ewingii*（鳞翅目：夜蛾科）暴发预测史》，载于《植物保护季刊》第28卷第1期，第15-21页。https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700550Hill，2013b. 《澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚州长期诱虫灯数据》，载于《植物保护季刊》第28卷第1期，第22-27页。https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700470Hill，2013c. 《普通粘虫*Mythimna convecta*（Walker）（夜蛾科：鳞翅目）：塔斯马尼亚的季节性常住物种》，载于《植物保护季刊》第28卷第4期，第114-119页。https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700391Hill，2013d. 《埃里蛾：塔斯马尼亚的稀有迁飞物种》，载于《维多利亚昆虫学家》第43卷第2期，第40-43页。https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700577Hill，2013e. 《在塔斯马尼亚州诱捕到的澳大利亚 painted lady 蝴蝶》，载于《维多利亚昆虫学家》第43卷第4期，第76-81页。https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700637Hill，2013f. 《塔斯马尼亚州的缎斑蛾*Thalaina selenaea*》，载于《维多利亚昆虫学家》第43卷第5期，第106-111页。https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700628Hill，2014. 《淡翅粘虫*Spodoptera exigua*（Hübner）（鳞翅目：夜蛾科）：塔斯马尼亚的迁飞性蛾类》，载于《植物保护季刊》第29卷第4期，第131-142页。https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700387Hill，2015. 《蛋黄果 caterpillar*Sceliodes cordalis*（Doubleday）（鳞翅目：螟蛾科）：塔斯马尼亚的迁飞性蛾类与昆士兰实蝇定殖可能性的指示物种？》，载于《植物保护季刊》第30卷第1期，第27-39页。https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311950878Hill，2016a. 《极端降雨事件将两种迁飞性蛾类带至塔斯马尼亚州》，载于《维多利亚昆虫学家》第46卷第4期，第88-89页。https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311951473Hill，2016b. 《*Meyrickella ruptellus*（夜蛾科：Hypeninae）：塔斯马尼亚州的稀有迁飞物种》，载于《维多利亚昆虫学家》第46卷第3期，第60-66页。https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311950973Hill，2017. 《绿色盲蝽*Creontiades dilutus*（Stål）的迁飞与马铃薯虫*Closterotomus norwegicus*（Gmelin）在塔斯马尼亚州的定殖》（半翅目：盲蝽科：盲蝽亚科：盲蝽族），载于《作物保护》第96卷（2017），第211-220页。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2017.02.006