Parent and offspring reproductive fitness and flight performance trait descriptive statics reveal ample standing variation for sexual selection.

Mother and daughter fecundity displayed higher levels of variability compared to father and son fertility. Daughter lifetime fecundity and life history traits, particularly those related to egg laying, displayed the highest levels of variability of any measured parent or offspring fitness parameter. Father and son flight performance traits also displayed robust variation. Normality values display one-sample KS test P-values. Abbreviations: Min, minimum value; Max, maximum value; SD, standard deviation; Var, variance; Sk, skewness.
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相较于父本与雄性后代的生育力，母本与雌性后代的繁殖力展现出更高的变异水平。雌性后代的终身繁殖力与生活史性状（尤其是与产卵相关的性状），在所测得的所有亲本及子代适合度参数中，变异程度最高。父本与雄性后代的飞行性能性状同样呈现出显著的变异。正态性数值为单样本柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米尔诺夫检验（Kolmogorov-Smirnov test，简称KS检验）的P值。缩写说明：Min为最小值（minimum value）；Max为最大值（maximum value）；SD为标准差（standard deviation）；Var为方差（variance）；Sk为偏度（skewness）。
(XLSX)