Prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease among pregnant women in San Juan, Puerto Rico

Background: In Puerto Rico (PR), the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVDRF) in women is high. CVDRF during pregnancy are a threat to maternal and child health. Little is known about CVDRF among pregnant women in PR.
Methods: Cross-sectional study using data from pregnancy charts (n=264; no prior pregnancies) from an outpatient clinic in PR. CVDRF included: pre-pregnancy obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and hypertension, and gestational diabetes and hypertension. Age was categorized as: 21-25y, 26-30y, and 31-35y. Analyses included adjusted logistic and multinomial regressions.
Results: Obesity pre-pregnancy was the most prevalent CVDRF (23.5%). Women of 31-35y (vs. 21-25y) had higher odds of T2D/gestational diabetes (OR=4.66; 95% CI=1.18, 18.4) and were more likely to experience 2+ CVDRF (RRR=2.73; 95% CI=1.10, 6.80).
Discussion: Pregnant women in PR experienced CVDRF and these were more prevalent among women of older age. Studies are needed to confirm our findings and monitor the health of women at high risk of CVD during postpartum.

背景：在波多黎各（PR），女性心血管疾病风险因素（CVDRF）的患病率较高。孕期中的CVDRF对母婴健康构成威胁。关于波多黎各孕妇中CVDRF的研究知之甚少。
方法：采用波多黎各一家门诊诊所的孕期图表（n=264；无既往妊娠史）进行横断面研究。CVDRF包括：孕前肥胖、2型糖尿病（T2D）、高血压以及妊娠期糖尿病和高血压。年龄分为：21-25岁、26-30岁和31-35岁。分析包括调整后的逻辑回归和多项回归。
结果：孕前肥胖是最普遍的CVDRF（23.5%）。31-35岁女性（与21-25岁女性相比）患T2D/妊娠期糖尿病的几率更高（OR=4.66；95% CI=1.18, 18.4），且更易出现2个以上CVDRF（RRR=2.73；95% CI=1.10, 6.80）。
讨论：波多黎各孕妇经历了CVDRF，且这些风险因素在年龄较大的女性中更为普遍。需要进一步的研究来证实我们的发现，并监测产后高风险心血管疾病女性的健康状况。