Partnerships and concessions for the development of tourism in Brazilian parks: possibilities and limitations of a new governance model

Abstract Private sector participation in the provision of tourism support services in parks is encouraged by environmental agencies in several countries as a strategy to improve the implementation of these areas. The objective of this article is to analyze the main aspects that guide the planning, implementation, and monitoring of partnerships between public and private sectors, with emphasis on concessions and initiatives at the federal level and in the states of Minas Gerais (MG), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), and São Paulo (SP). Based on the analysis of a theoretical/conceptual framework on public values in partnerships and a qualitative approach with the managers, some analytical aspects were identified to support the understanding of this management model. Partnerships have the potential to favor park management in terms of innovation, human resources, efficiency, and others. But this possibility of advancement depends on the characteristics of the governance established, through three main elements: transparency, in order to increase the capacity of regulators and society to control performance; the creation of effective communication, which builds trust among the sectors involved; and social participation, which strengthens accountability and in-creases the legitimacy of the process..摘要 多国环境管理机构均鼓励私营部门参与公园旅游配套服务供给，以此作为提升园区运营质效的策略。本文旨在剖析引导公私部门伙伴关系规划、实施与监管的核心维度，重点关注联邦层级以及米纳斯吉拉斯州（MG）、里约热内卢州（RJ）和圣保罗州（SP）的特许经营与相关举措。本文基于对伙伴关系公共价值的理论/概念框架分析，结合面向管理人员的质性研究方法，提炼出若干可助力理解该管理模式的分析维度。公私伙伴关系在创新、人力资源、效能等层面，均具备优化公园管理的潜力。但这一优化潜能的实现，取决于所构建的治理机制特征，具体可通过三大核心要素予以保障：其一为透明度，以提升监管方与社会对运营绩效的监督能力；其二为构建高效沟通机制，筑牢参与各方间的信任纽带；其三为社会参与，以强化问责机制并提升该流程的合法性。