Reactive processing of maleic anhydride-grafted ABS and its compatibilizing effect on PC/ABS blends

Abstract Polymer compatibilizer agents are crucial for industrial materials development. Compatibilizer agents may be prepared by melt-grafting in the reactive extrusion process which is cheaper and environmentally friendly. Maleic anhydride-grafted acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS-g-MA) has emerged as a relevant compatibilizer agent for immiscible blends, like polycarbonate (PC)/ABS. In this work, ABS-g-MA was prepared by a simple reactive extrusion process using ABS, maleic anhydride (MA) and benzoyl peroxide (BPO). The MA:BPO ratios of 1:0.5 and 1:1 varying the content of MA by 1, 2 and 5 wt% were investigated. The grafting reaction was confirmed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), grafted degree (GD%), thermal and rheological analysis. The effectiveness of the compatibilizer agent was evaluated in PC/ABS blends (70/30 and 85/15 blend ratios). The addition of 5 wt% of ABS-g-MA (5 MA:2.5 BPO) in the PC/ABS blends promoted an expressive reduction of ABS domain sizes and better dispersion in the PC matrix.

摘要 聚合物相容剂是工业材料研发的核心助剂。相容剂可通过反应挤出工艺中的熔融接枝法制备，该方法兼具成本低廉与环境友好的优势。马来酸酐接枝丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（Maleic anhydride-grafted acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene，缩写为ABS-g-MA）已成为不相容共混体系的重要相容剂，可应用于聚碳酸酯/ABS（Polycarbonate/ABS，缩写为PC/ABS）这类不相容共混物。本研究采用丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（ABS）、马来酸酐（Maleic anhydride，缩写为MA）与过氧化苯甲酰（Benzoyl peroxide，缩写为BPO），通过简便的反应挤出工艺制备了ABS-g-MA。实验考察了MA与BPO的质量比为1:0.5和1:1，且MA添加量分别为1 wt%、2 wt%与5 wt%的多组配方。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy，缩写为FT-IR）、接枝率（GD%）、热性能与流变性能分析，验证了接枝反应的成功发生。同时，针对PC/ABS共混物（共混质量比分别为70/30与85/15）评估了该相容剂的应用效果。结果显示，在PC/ABS共混物中添加5 wt%的ABS-g-MA（对应MA与BPO配比为5:2.5），可显著降低ABS相畴尺寸，并使其在PC基体中获得更优异的分散性。