Archaeological Artefact Database of Finland (AADA)

Archaeological Artefact Database of Finland (AADA) Cite this data as: Pesonen, P., Moilanen, U., Roose, M., Saipio, J., Tiilikkala, J., Sanwal, M. U., Immonen, V., Vesakoski, O. & Onkamo, P. 2024. Archaeological Artefact Database of Finland (AADA). Dataset download of latest releases and descriptions Zenodo: https://zenodo.org/records/11279777 Dataset repository for versioning and maintenance Github: https://github.com/AADA-DATA/AADA-DATABase Format XSLX, CSV The data collection is described in Pesonen et al. (resubmitted ms). General structure of the data The AADA dataset is thematically organised into three subsets of data according to the chronological periods. Each row in the dataset represents a single artefact. ● Stone Age: Contains separate tables for pottery, stone tools, clay artefacts, bone artefacts, wooden artefacts, amber, and birch bark tar. ● Bronze Age: Contains separate tables for pottery, stone tools, clay artefacts, bone artefacts, wooden artefacts, and bronze objects. ● Iron Age: Contains separate tables for pottery, stone tools, clay artefacts, bone artefacts, wooden artefacts, bronze artefacts, iron artefacts, silver and golden artefacts, beads, and organic materials. Also includes detailed tables of pottery and stone tools with subperiod-specific dating. Each row in the dataset represents a single artefact, while each column represents a specific attribute, such as its type, period, site, and measurements. Moreover, each subset contains spreadsheets based on artefact type. For example, for the Stone Age period, there are separate tables for pottery, stone tools, clay artefacts, bone artefacts, wooden artefacts, amber, and birch bark tar. Similarly, for the Bronze Age period, there are separate tables for pottery, stone tools, clay artefacts, bone artefacts, wooden artefacts, and bronze objects. For the Iron Age period, there are separate tables for pottery, stone tools, clay artefacts, bone artefacts, wooden artefacts, bronze artefacts, iron artefacts, silver and golden artefacts, beads, and organic materials. In addition, due to chronological period dependent recording procedures, the Iron Age table also contains a detailed table of pottery and stone tools (where e.g., the dating is specified according to Iron Age subperiods). Pottery tables differ from other artefact tables, where each row denotes the presence of a pottery within a specific collection number. The presence does not record how many vessels etc. there are in the collection number. Quantity is expressed in "count" columns. Titles of the columns General and spatial information The AADA dataset contains primary information on archaeological artefacts from different prominent institutions across Finland, such as the National Museum of Finland, Ålands Museum, and Turku Museum Centre, among others. These artefacts are organised using a main number and sub-number system. Additionally, the dataset includes information on the municipality. Overall, the primary information contained in the AADA dataset serves as a starting point while querying data. Collection contains source information of 32 museums: KM = Kansallismuseo (National Museum of Finland); ÅM = Ålands Museum; TYA = Turun Yliopisto Arkeologia (University of Turku, Archaeology); TMM = Turun museokeskus (Turku Museum Centre; current signum is TMK but dataset uses TMM); SatM = Satakunnan Museo (Museum of Satakunta); KHMESIE = Kuopion kulttuurihistoriallinen museo (Kuopio Cultural History Museum ; EKM = Etelä-Karjalan museo (Museum of South Karelia) ; BM = Porvoon Museo (Porvoo Museum,sw. Borgå Museum); HM = Hämeen museo (Häme Museum, in Museum Centre Vapriikki, Tampere); Hal = Halikon museo (Halikko Museum, part of Salo Historical Museum); Per = Perniön museo (Perniö Museum, part of Salo Historical Museum); Linder = Linder collections in Turku Museum Centre; Nyberg = Nyberg collections in EKTA Museum Raasepori; SII = Pöljän kotiseutumuseo (curated by Kuopio Cultural History Museum); KARTT/VI = Karttulan kotiseutumuseo (curated by Kuopio Cultural History Museum); KIUR = Kiuruveden museo (Kiuruvesi Museum, curated by Kuopio Cultural History Museum); Lauri Nautela kok = Lauri Nautela Museum, Lieto; SHH = Stockholm Historiska Museet, Sweden. Main numbers and Sub-numbers organise collections, e.g., KM 12456:1–25, where KM indicates the National Museum of Finland’s collection with the main number 12456, which has sub-numbers 1 to 25. Main number is a diary accession number for any single delivery of artefacts in the collections, e.g., an excavation of a site etc. Subnumbers point to separate find contexts within the act. Municipality. The municipality categorises archaeological artefacts by their place of origin municipality-wise. The dataset reflects the situation as of 2020, although several municipalities have since merged. Old parish names are used for the ceded Karelia and other areas (prior 1945). Site id and Site name. Identification number and name of the find location sites in accordance with the Register of Archaeological Sites curated by the Finnish Heritage Agency. Phase. Information on the chronological period of the artefact, with SA denoting the Stone Age (8900-1900 calBC), BA representing the Bronze Age (1900-500 calBC), and IA indicating the Iron Age (500 calBC-1300 calAD). Coordinates (p/i/z). Two coordinate reference systems are provided: World Geodetic System (version WGS 84) and KKJ / Finland Uniform Coordinate System", with the EPSG identifier 2393 (https://epsg.io/2393). p = Coordinate northing (pohjoinen in Finnish), KKJ / Finland Uniform Coordinate System, EPSG2393 I = Coordinate easting (itä in Finnish), KKJ / Finland Uniform Coordinate System, EPSG2393 z = Elevation above the site above sea level in meters (m) X = Coordinate latitude, WGS84. Y = Coordinate longitude, WGS84. Temporal information Period/dating. The dating of the artefacts in the AADA dataset varies according to material. In most tables (pottery, stone tools, clay, bronze, iron, beads) the dating is based on the typology of the artefacts. In some tables, other datable finds from the same site are used as dating criteria, i.e., thus providing a wider range of dating options for the object, including materials such as amber, bone, birch bark, and wood. The periodization for Late Iron Age differs in western, eastern, and northern Finland. Late Iron Age is generally extended to at least c. 1300 AD in eastern Finland and Karelia, and occasionally even longer in northern Finland. The abbreviations are the following: Mon1. Montelius period 1. Mon2. Montelius period 2. Mon3. Montelius period 3. Mon4. Montelius period 4. Mon5. Montelius period 5. Mon6. Montelius period 6. m1. Early Mesolithic: 8900–8200 BC (10900–10200 calBP) m2. Middle Mesolithic: 8200–6200 BC (10200–8200 calBP) m3. Late Mesolithic: 6200–5100 BC (8200–7100 calBP) n1. Early Neolithic: 5100–3900 BC (7100–5900 calBP) n2. Middle Neolithic: 3900–2900 BC (5900–4900 calBP) n3. Late Neolithic: 2900–2400 BC (4900–4400 calBP) n4. Final Neolithic: 2400–1700 BC (4400–3700 calBP) p1. Early Bronze Age (Montelian period I-III): 1700–1100 BC (3700–3100 calBP) p2. Late Bronze Age (Montelian period IV-VI): 1100–500 BC (3100–2500 calBP) r1. Early Iron Age (Pre-Roman Iron Age and Early/Late Roman Iron Age): 500 BC–400 AD (2500–1600 calBP) r2. Late Iron Age (Merovingian Period to Medieval Period): 600–1530 AD (1400–470 calBP) Preroman IA. Pre-Roman Iron Age period:500-1 BC Early Roman IA. Early Roman Iron Age period 0-200 AD Late Roman IA. Late Roman Iron Age period: 200-400 AD Migration period. Migration period: 400-600 AD Merovingian period. Merovingian period: 600-800 AD Viking period. Viking period: 800-1050 AD Crusade period. Crusade period: 1050-1150/1300 AD 1100-1300. Period from 1100 to 1300 AD. 1400-1500. Period from 1400 to 1500 AD. Typological information Typology (category, types, subtypes). The artefacts in the dataset are organized hierarchically by typology, which includes category, type, and subtype. For example, the category of Stone Age bark floats is "wooden artefact," the type is "fishing implements," and the subtype is "bark float." In some cases, such as Stone Age stone tools, there is also a lower subtype hierarchy (subtype 2). In addition, the Finnish terms for subtype (and subtype 2) are presented as well. The columns describing the typology of the artefacts are: Category. The hierarchical category of artefacts (e.g., "Bronze artefacts") Type. The hierarchical type of artefacts (e.g., " Bronze axe") Type(Finnish). The hierarchical type of artefacts, in Finnish Subtype. The hierarchical subtype of artefacts (e.g., "Palstave") Subtype(Finnish). The hierarchical subtype of artefacts in Finnish (e.g., Olkakirves”) Subtype 2. Lower hierarchy of subtype for some artefacts Subtype 2 (Finnish). Lower hierarchy of subtype for some artefacts in Finnish Site context information Settlement, cremation cemetery, inhumation cemetery, cairn, stray find, hoard, other context. For Iron Age artefacts, the main type of find context is also recorded: inhumation cemetery, cremation cemetery, cairn, settlement site, hoard, and stray find. This attribute gives a contextual information of the find circumstances, which is crucial for understanding many of the distributions of the Iron Age artefacts. Settlement site. Artefacts found at a settlement site Cremation cemetery. Artefacts found at a cremation cemetery Inhumation cemetery. Artefacts found at an inhumation cemetery Cairn. Artefacts found at a cairn Stray find. Artefacts found as stray finds Hoard. Artefacts found as part of a hoard Other context. Other contexts in which artefacts were found Other information Object attributes (certainty, integrity, measures, crust etc). Object attributes, such as integrity and measures, differ depending on the material. Certainty indicates the dataset compiler's subjective identification of the artefact type, with 1 meaning certain, 2 meaning probable, and 3 meaning possible. The integrity is indicated with a TRUE/FALSE statement in the relevant column. The intact and fragmented artefacts' dimensions are recorded in separate columns (length, width, thickness). For pottery, the main temper and other tempers are explained in two columns, currently in Finnish. If present, the decorative motifs on Iron Age pottery are recorded. However, the documentation of stone tool material is only available in Finnish and is based on a quick and superficial visual inspection, making it very subjective. Therefore, the recorded information on stone tools should only be considered suggestive. For Iron Age pottery, a separate “crust”-column was used to record the presence of food crusts in the surfaces of the pottery. In Stone and Bronze Age pottery this is written (in Finnish, “karsta”) in other notes -column. Certainty. Subjective identification of artefact type (1: certain, 2: probable, 3: possible) Integrity. Integrity of the artefact (TRUE/FALSE) Length (mm). Length of the artefact in millimeter Width (mm). Width of the artefact in millimeters Thickness (mm). Thickness of the artefact in millimeters Fragment length (mm). Length of the fragment in millimeters Fragment width (mm). Width of the fragment in millimeters Fragment thickness (mm). Thickness of the fragment in millimeters Rock type (Finnish). Type of rock material, currently in Finnish (for stone tools). Decoration. Presence of decoration on pottery (Iron Age pottery) Main temper (Finnish). Main temper of pottery, currently in Finnish. Not to be taken as definite information Other tempers (Finnish). Other tempers of pottery, currently in Finnish. Not to be taken as definite information Decoration elements (Finnish). Decoration elements, currently in Finnish (Iron Age pottery) Wave motif. Presence of wave motif decoration (Iron Age pottery) Grid motif. Presence of grid motif decoration (Iron Age pottery) Cord impression. Presence of cord impression decoration (Iron Age pottery) Wall thickness 1 (mm). Wall thickness measurement 1 in millimeters (Iron Age pottery) Wall thickness 2 (mm). Wall thickness measurement 2 in millimeters (Iron Age pottery) Rim thickness 1 (mm). Rim thickness measurement 1 in millimeters (Iron Age pottery) Rim thickness 2 (mm). Rim thickness measurement 2 in millimeters (Iron Age pottery) Crust. Presence of food crusts on the pottery (Iron Age pottery) Count (only pottery). The number of pottery sherds is recorded in three columns (count 1-10, count 10-100, and count >100 sherds) to indicate their relative amount. Other notes. This column has some additional information in Finnish. The texts are impressionistic observations, but we decided to keep them along. No translation in English is available; this column should not be used as definitive information. PhotoID. Each artefact has an individual name (ID) which also operates as the number within with the respective photo(s) is found in the photo folder. The photos are located in Supplement 2 (https://zenodo.org/records/11256533). The ID for each artefact was created with the following pattern (titles of columns of the AADA Database): “Collection” + ”Main number” + ”Subnumber” = “PhotoID”, eg. KM + 12345 + 5 = KM 12345_5. Thus the artefact can be found from the Supplement 2. AADA photo folder with the name KM 12345_5.jpg. In several cases there are many photographs of the same artefact and then these are indicated with a,b,c etc., e.g., KM 12345_5b.jpg. Unfortunately, some of the extra photos are also named as149, 150a, 150b, 150c, 154, 210 ja 210a and so on. Most of the pottery data do not have photos of them because the material is highly fragmented and unique vessels were not separated. The artefact photos are arranged according to their collection id:s organised in folders in Supplement 2.To merge the photos to the typological data, users need to download the photos to their computer and run the Python script available in Supplement 2, in the “AADA Photos Hyperlink folder”. The details about the script can be found in the Readme file of the same folder. Photo links can also be created to the Photo ID column of Excel tables. Notes Certain aspects still require attention, particularly the completion of the Iron Age artefacts. Approximately 45-50% of the Finnish Iron Age material needs to be added to the dataset (this estimate excludes the metal detector finds made during the past two decades). Additionally, the documentation of Stone Age stone tools is not entirely complete. There are plenty of local museums in Finland, and most of these have a few or a few dozen stone axes and chisels, which were not possible to record during the current project. Within the collections of the National Museum of Finland, recording of stone artefacts acquired in the 1910s and 1920s is unfinished, and the same, to some extent, applies also to the collections of Ålands Museum and Tampere Museum. Data collection notes Emphasizes southern Finland due to lockdowns during the coronavirus pandemic in 2020. Collections from museums in northern and eastern Finland were not studied. Data restrictions The AADA dataset publication is available at Zenodo. and the future updates will be at GitHub (https://github.com/AADA-DATA/AADA-DATABase). The AADA data is stored and managed in GitHub (). The Excel workbooks of the AADA dataset are stored as a snapshot in Cern’s Data Centre’s Zenodo-repository including photographs. The dataset and photos are freely and openly available to anyone with the condition of mentioning this publication as a reference when using the data in publications.Dataset and photos are for noncommercial use only. Reference Pesonen, Petro, Moilanen, Ulla, Roose, Meeli, Saipio, Jarkko, Tiilikkala, Jesse, Sanwal, Usman, Immonen, Visa, Vesakoski, Outi & Onkamo, Päivi. 2024. Archaeological Artefact Database of Finland (AADA). (Submitted manuscript to Nature Scientific Data)芬兰考古器物数据库（"Archaeological Artefact Database of Finland, AADA"） ### 数据引用方式 Pesonen, P., Moilanen, U., Roose, M., Saipio, J., Tiilikkala, J., Sanwal, M. U., Immonen, V., Vesakoski, O. & Onkamo, P. 2024. 芬兰考古器物数据库（AADA）。 ### 最新版本下载与数据说明 Zenodo：https://zenodo.org/records/11279777 ### 版本维护数据集仓库 Github：https://github.com/AADA-DATA/AADA-DATABase ### 数据格式 XSLX、CSV 本数据集的详细说明详见Pesonen等人（已重新提交的学术稿件）。 --- ## 数据整体结构 AADA数据集按照年代分期主题划分为三个数据子集，数据集内每一行代表一件独立的考古器物，每一列对应一项具体属性（如器物类型、所处时期、出土遗址、测量数据等），且每个子集均按器物类型拆分独立数据表： 1. **石器时代**：包含陶器、石器、黏土器物、骨器、木器、琥珀及桦树皮焦油的独立数据表。 2. **青铜时代**：包含陶器、石器、黏土器物、骨器、木器及青铜器的独立数据表。 3. **铁器时代**：包含陶器、石器、黏土器物、骨器、木器、青铜器、铁器、银器、金器、珠饰及有机材料的独立数据表，同时附带按亚分期标注断代的陶器与石器详细数据表。 ### 陶器数据表特殊说明 陶器数据表与其他器物数据表存在差异：其每一行代表某一馆藏编号内陶器的存在情况，而非记录该馆藏内的容器总数，器物实际数量通过「count（数量）」列体现。 --- ## 列字段说明 ### 通用与空间信息 AADA数据集收录芬兰多家知名机构收藏的考古器物基础信息，包括芬兰国家博物馆（National Museum of Finland）、奥兰博物馆（Ålands Museum）、图尔库博物馆中心（Turku Museum Centre）等。器物采用主编号与子编号系统进行组织，同时收录器物出土所属的市镇信息，可作为数据查询的基础起点。 本数据集涵盖32家博物馆的来源标识： - KM = Kansallismuseo（芬兰国家博物馆） - ÅM = Ålands Museum（奥兰博物馆） - TYA = Turun Yliopisto Arkeologia（图尔库大学考古系） - TMM = Turun museokeskus（图尔库博物馆中心；当前官方标识为TMK，但数据集沿用TMM） - SatM = Satakunnan Museo（萨塔昆塔博物馆） - KHMESIE = Kuopion kulttuurihistoriallinen museo（库奥皮奥文化历史博物馆） - EKM = Etelä-Karjalan museo（南卡累利阿博物馆） - BM = Porvoon Museo（波尔沃博物馆，瑞典语称Borgå Museum） - HM = Hämeen museo（海门博物馆，位于坦佩雷Vapriikki博物馆中心内） - Hal = Halikon museo（哈利科博物馆，隶属于萨洛历史博物馆） - Per = Perniön museo（佩尔尼奥博物馆，隶属于萨洛历史博物馆） - Linder = 图尔库博物馆中心林德收藏 - Nyberg = EKTA博物馆拉塞波尔里分馆尼贝里收藏 - SII = Pöljän kotiseutumuseo（库奥皮奥文化历史博物馆代管） - KARTT/VI = Karttulan kotiseutumuseo（库奥皮奥文化历史博物馆代管） - KIUR = Kiuruveden museo（基乌鲁韦西博物馆，库奥皮奥文化历史博物馆代管） - Lauri Nautela kok = 列托劳里·瑙泰拉博物馆 - SHH = Stockholm Historiska Museet（瑞典斯德哥尔摩历史博物馆） #### 主编号与子编号 馆藏采用「主编号+子编号」体系组织，例如`KM 12456:1–25`：其中`KM`代表芬兰国家博物馆馆藏，主编号为12456，包含1至25号子编号。主编号为单次征集器物的入库日记编号（如某次考古发掘出土的器物），子编号指代该次征集内的不同出土遗迹单元。 #### 市镇（Municipality） 按器物出土所属的市镇分类。数据集采用2020年行政区划现状，此后部分市镇已合并；1945年前割让的卡累利阿及其他地区使用旧教区名称。 #### 遗址编号与遗址名称 按照芬兰遗产局管理的《考古遗址登记册》，标注出土遗址的识别编号与名称。 #### 分期（Phase） 记录器物的年代分期，缩写含义： - SA：石器时代（公元前8900年~公元前1900年，校准后） - BA：青铜时代（公元前1900年~公元前500年，校准后） - IA：铁器时代（公元前500年~公元1300年，校准后） #### 坐标（p/i/z） 提供两种坐标参考系统：世界大地坐标系（WGS 84）与KKJ/芬兰统一坐标系（EPSG:2393，详见https://epsg.io/2393）： - `p`：KKJ/芬兰统一坐标系下的北坐标（芬兰语pohjoinen），EPSG2393 - `i`：KKJ/芬兰统一坐标系下的东坐标（芬兰语itä），EPSG2393 - `z`：遗址海拔高度，单位为米（m） - `X`：WGS84坐标系下的纬度 - `Y`：WGS84坐标系下的经度 --- ### 时间信息 #### 分期与断代 AADA数据集内器物的断代方式因材质而异：多数数据表（陶器、石器、黏土器物、青铜器、铁器、珠饰）的断代基于器物类型学；琥珀、骨器、桦树皮制品、木器等的断代则采用同一遗址内其他可断代器物作为参照，以提供更宽泛的断代范围。 芬兰西部、东部与北部的铁器时代晚期分期存在差异：整体而言，芬兰东部及卡累利阿地区的铁器时代晚期可至少延伸至公元1300年左右，芬兰北部甚至可进一步延长。相关缩写与分期含义如下： - Mon1：蒙泰柳斯分期1期 - Mon2：蒙泰柳斯分期2期 - Mon3：蒙泰柳斯分期3期 - Mon4：蒙泰柳斯分期4期 - Mon5：蒙泰柳斯分期5期 - Mon6：蒙泰柳斯分期6期 - m1：中石器时代早期：公元前8900年~公元前8200年（校准后距今10900~10200年） - m2：中石器时代中期：公元前8200年~公元前6200年（校准后距今10200~8200年） - m3：中石器时代晚期：公元前6200年~公元前5100年（校准后距今8200~7100年） - n1：新石器时代早期：公元前5100年~公元前3900年（校准后距今7100~5900年） - n2：新石器时代中期：公元前3900年~公元前2900年（校准后距今5900~4900年） - n3：新石器时代晚期：公元前2900年~公元前2400年（校准后距今4900~4400年） - n4：新石器时代末期：公元前2400年~公元前1700年（校准后距今4400~3700年） - p1：青铜时代早期（蒙泰柳斯分期I~III）：公元前1700年~公元前1100年（校准后距今3700~3100年） - p2：青铜时代晚期（蒙泰柳斯分期IV~VI）：公元前1100年~公元前500年（校准后距今3100~2500年） - r1：铁器时代早期（前罗马铁器时代及早/晚罗马铁器时代）：公元前500年~公元400年（校准后距今2500~1600年） - r2：铁器时代晚期（墨洛温时期至中世纪）：公元600年~1530年（校准后距今1400~470年） - Preroman IA：前罗马铁器时代：公元前500年~公元前1年 - Early Roman IA：早期罗马铁器时代：公元0年~200年 - Late Roman IA：晚期罗马铁器时代：公元200年~400年 - Migration period：民族大迁徙时期：公元400年~600年 - Merovingian period：墨洛温时期：公元600年~800年 - Viking period：维京时期：公元800年~1050年 - Crusade period：十字军时期：公元1050年~1150/1300年 - 1100-1300：公元1100年~1300年 - 1400-1500：公元1400年~1500年 --- ### 类型学信息 器物按照类型学进行层级化组织，包含「类别-类型-子类型」三级体系。例如，石器时代树皮浮具的类别为「木器」，类型为「渔具」，子类型为「树皮浮具」；部分器物（如石器时代石器）还包含二级子类型层级。同时收录子类型（及二级子类型）的芬兰语名称。 描述器物类型学的字段包括： - 类别：器物的层级类别（如「青铜器」） - 类型：器物的层级类型（如「青铜斧」） - 类型（芬兰语）：芬兰语表述的器物层级类型 - 子类型：器物的层级子类型（如「单面斧」） - 子类型（芬兰语）：芬兰语表述的器物层级子类型（如「Olkakirves」） - 二级子类型：部分器物的二级子类型层级 - 二级子类型（芬兰语）：芬兰语表述的部分器物的二级子类型层级 --- ### 遗址出土背景信息 本字段记录铁器时代器物的主要出土背景类型，包括土葬墓地、火葬墓地、石冢、聚落遗址、窖藏与零散出土物，用于说明出土环境，对理解铁器时代器物的分布特征至关重要： - 聚落遗址：在聚落遗址出土的器物 - 火葬墓地：在火葬墓地出土的器物 - 土葬墓地：在土葬墓地出土的器物 - 石冢：在石冢中出土的器物 - 零散出土物：零散发现的器物 - 窖藏：作为窖藏一部分出土的器物 - 其他背景：其他出土背景下的器物 --- ### 其他属性信息 #### 器物基础属性 器物属性如完整性、尺寸等因材质而异： - 确定性：数据集编制者对器物类型的主观识别等级：1=确定，2=大概率，3=可能 - 完整性：器物完整状态，以TRUE/FALSE标识 - 长度（mm）：器物长度，单位为毫米 - 宽度（mm）：器物宽度，单位为毫米 - 厚度（mm）：器物厚度，单位为毫米 - 残件长度（mm）：残件长度，单位为毫米 - 残件宽度（mm）：残件宽度，单位为毫米 - 残件厚度（mm）：残件厚度，单位为毫米 - 岩石类型（芬兰语）：石器的岩石材质类型，目前仅收录芬兰语表述 - 装饰：铁器时代陶器的装饰存在情况 - 主要羼和料（芬兰语）：陶器的主要羼和料，目前仅收录芬兰语表述，不作为确定性信息 - 其他羼和料（芬兰语）：陶器的其他羼和料，目前仅收录芬兰语表述，不作为确定性信息 - 装饰元素（芬兰语）：铁器时代陶器的装饰元素，目前仅收录芬兰语表述 - 波浪纹：铁器时代陶器是否带有波浪纹装饰 - 网格纹：铁器时代陶器是否带有网格纹装饰 - 绳纹：铁器时代陶器是否带有绳纹装饰 - 器壁厚度1（mm）：铁器时代陶器的器壁厚度测量值1，单位为毫米 - 器壁厚度2（mm）：铁器时代陶器的器壁厚度测量值2，单位为毫米 - 口沿厚度1（mm）：铁器时代陶器的口沿厚度测量值1，单位为毫米 - 口沿厚度2（mm）：铁器时代陶器的口沿厚度测量值2，单位为毫米 - 表层沉积物：铁器时代陶器表面是否带有食物沉积物 - 数量（仅针对陶器）：陶器碎片的相对数量通过三列记录：count 1-10、count 10-100与count >100 - 其他备注：本列包含芬兰语补充信息，为印象式观测记录，仅保留备查，无英文翻译，不得作为确定性信息使用 - 照片编号（PhotoID）：每件器物均有唯一ID，同时对应其照片在照片文件夹中的编号，照片收录于补充材料2（https://zenodo.org/records/11256533）。 器物ID生成规则：`馆藏编号+主编号+子编号=PhotoID`，例如`KM+12345+5=KM 12345_5`，对应照片文件名为`KM 12345_5.jpg`。同一件器物有多张照片时，通过a/b/c等后缀区分（如`KM 12345_5b.jpg`），部分额外照片采用149、150a等编号方式。由于多数陶器碎片较为破碎，未单独分离完整器物，因此大部分陶器数据未附带照片。 器物照片按馆藏ID组织至文件夹中，收录于补充材料2。若需关联照片与类型学数据，用户需下载照片至本地，并运行补充材料2中「AADA Photos Hyperlink folder」文件夹内的Python脚本，脚本详情详见该文件夹的Readme文件；也可直接在Excel表格的PhotoID列生成照片链接。 --- ## 备注 部分内容仍需完善，尤其是铁器时代器物数据：目前数据集仅收录约45%~50%的芬兰铁器时代器物（本估算未包含过去二十年金属探测器发现的器物）；石器时代石器的记录工作尚未完全完成。芬兰境内有大量地方博物馆，多数馆藏有少量或数十件石斧、石凿，受限于本项目资源未能全部录入。芬兰国家博物馆1910~1920年代入藏的石质器物记录尚未完成，奥兰博物馆与坦佩雷博物馆的部分馆藏也存在类似情况。 ## 数据采集说明 因2020年新冠疫情封控政策影响，本数据集采集侧重芬兰南部地区，未对芬兰北部与东部的博物馆馆藏进行研究。 ## 数据使用限制 AADA数据集已在Zenodo平台发布，未来更新将托管于GitHub（https://github.com/AADA-DATA/AADA-DATABase），数据集的存储与维护依托GitHub平台。Excel工作簿以快照形式存储于欧洲核子研究中心（CERN）数据中心的Zenodo仓库，同时包含照片文件。数据集与照片可免费公开获取，但在用于学术发表时需注明本数据集的引用信息，且仅可用于非商业用途。 ## 参考文献 Pesonen, Petro, Moilanen, Ulla, Roose, Meeli, Saipio, Jarkko, Tiilikkala, Jesse, Sanwal, Usman, Immonen, Visa, Vesakoski, Outi & Onkamo, Päivi. 2024. 芬兰考古器物数据库（AADA）。（已提交至《自然·科学数据》的学术稿件）