AAPOR definitions and equations.

Introduction Although interactive voice response (IVR) is a promising mobile phone survey (MPS) method for public health data collection in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), participation rates for this method remain lower than traditional methods. This study tested whether using different introductory messages increases the participation rates of IVR surveys in two LMICs, Bangladesh and Uganda. Methods We conducted two randomized, controlled micro-trials using fully-automated random digit dialing to test the impact of (1) the gender of the speaker recording the survey (i.e., survey voice); and (2) the valence of the invitation to participate in the survey (i.e., survey introduction) on response and cooperation rates. Participants indicated their consent by using the keypad of cellphones. Four study arms were compared: (1) male and informational (MI); (2) female and information (FI); (3) male and motivational (MM); and (4) female and motivational (FM). Results Bangladesh and Uganda had 1705 and 1732 complete surveys, respectively. In both countries, a majority of the respondents were males, young adults (i.e., 18-29-year-olds), urban residents, and had O-level/above education level. In Bangladesh, the contact rate was higher in FI (48.9%), MM (50.0%), and FM (55.2%) groups than in MI (43.0%); the response rate was higher in FI (32.3%) and FM (33.1%) but not in MM (27.2%) and MI (27.1%). Some differences in cooperation and refusal rates were also observed. In Uganda, MM (65.4%) and FM (67.9%) had higher contact rates than MI (60.8%). The response rate was only higher in MI (52.5%) compared to MI (45.9%). Refusal and cooperation rates were similar. In Bangladesh, after pooling by introductions, female arms had higher contact (52.1% vs 46.5%), response (32.7% vs 27.1%), and cooperation (47.8% vs 40.4%) rates than male arms. Pooling by gender showed higher contact (52.3% vs 45.6%) and refusal (22.5% vs 16.3%) rates but lower cooperation rate (40.0% vs 48.2%) in motivational arms than informational arms. In Uganda, pooling intros did not show any difference in survey rates by gender; however, pooling by intros showed higher contact (66.5% vs 61.5%) and response (50.0% vs 45.2%) rates in motivational arms than informational arms. Conclusion Overall, we found higher survey rates among female voice and motivational introduction arms compared to male voice and informational introduction arm in Bangladesh. However, Uganda had higher rates for motivational intro arms only compared to informational arms. Gender and valence must be considered for successful IVR surveys. Trial registration Name of the registry: ClinicalTrials.gov. Trial registration number: NCT03772431. Date of registration: 12/11/2018, Retrospectively Registered. URL of trial registry record: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03772431?term=03772431&cond=Non-Communicable+Disease&draw=2&rank=1. Protocol Availability: https://www.researchprotocols.org/2017/5/e81.引言 尽管交互式语音应答（interactive voice response，IVR）作为中低收入国家（low- and middle-income countries，LMICs）公共卫生数据收集的一种颇具前景的手机问卷调查（mobile phone survey，MPS）方法，但其参与率仍低于传统调查方式。本研究在孟加拉国与乌干达这两个中低收入国家中，探究采用不同开场白是否能够提升IVR问卷调查的参与率。 研究方法 本研究采用全自动随机数字拨号方法开展两项随机对照微型试验，以检验两个因素对问卷应答率与合作率的影响：一是问卷录制者的性别（即问卷语音性别）；二是参与邀约的情感基调（即问卷开场白）。研究对象通过手机按键输入来表达同意参与的意愿。本研究共设置四组对照：（1）男性语音+说明性开场白组（male and informational，MI）；（2）女性语音+说明性开场白组（female and information，FI）；（3）男性语音+激励性开场白组（male and motivational，MM）；（4）女性语音+激励性开场白组（female and motivational，FM）。 研究结果 孟加拉国与乌干达分别完成有效问卷1705份与1732份。两国的受访对象均以男性、青年群体（即18-29岁人群）、城市居民为主，且大多拥有普通中等教育程度及以上学历。 在孟加拉国，FI组（48.9%）、MM组（50.0%）与FM组（55.2%）的接触率均高于MI组（43.0%）；FI组（32.3%）与FM组（33.1%）的应答率更高，但MM组（27.2%）与MI组（27.1%）并无显著提升。此外，合作率与拒访率也存在一定差异。在乌干达，MM组（65.4%）与FM组（67.9%）的接触率高于MI组（60.8%）；仅MI组（52.5%）的应答率高于其余组（45.9%）。拒访率与合作率则无显著差异。 在孟加拉国，按开场白类型合并分组后，女性语音组的接触率（52.1% vs 46.5%）、应答率（32.7% vs 27.1%）与合作率（47.8% vs 40.4%）均高于男性语音组。按性别合并分组后，激励性开场白组的接触率（52.3% vs 45.6%）与拒访率（22.5% vs 16.3%）更高，但合作率（40.0% vs 48.2%）低于说明性开场白组。在乌干达，按性别合并分组后，不同性别语音组的问卷完成率并无显著差异；但按开场白合并分组后，激励性开场白组的接触率（66.5% vs 61.5%）与应答率（50.0% vs 45.2%）均高于说明性开场白组。 研究结论 总体而言，在孟加拉国，女性语音与激励性开场白组的问卷完成率高于男性语音与说明性开场白组；而在乌干达，仅激励性开场白组的问卷完成率高于说明性开场白组。因此，若要实现IVR问卷调查的成功实施，需同时考虑语音性别与邀约基调两个因素。 试验注册信息 注册平台名称：ClinicalTrials.gov。试验注册编号：NCT03772431。注册日期：2018年12月11日，为回溯注册。试验注册记录网址：https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03772431?term=03772431&cond=Non-Communicable+Disease&draw=2&rank=1。研究方案可获取网址：https://www.researchprotocols.org/2017/5/e81。