AI in Climate Change

Climate change is an urgent issue that must be addressed by individuals, communities, governments, and organizations around the world. Its immediate effects include extreme weather events and unpredictable rainfall, impacting various sectors. Aligned with UN Sustainable Development Goals, addressing climate change is paramount. Despite deteriorating environmental conditions, technology continues to improve. It might be able to withstand and potentially even reduce the effects of climate change on the environment. Artificial intelligence is a technology that has been evolving quickly during the past years. Artificial intelligence is present in many aspects of our daily lives, such as search recommendations on social media. This systematic literature review examines 54 referenced papers, utilizing the Kitchenham approach to validate five research questions. According to the statistics, the Random Forest technique was employed in 18 out of 54 studies to build artificial intelligence for climate change issues. China emerged as the leader in conducting studies on AI's role in addressing climate change challenges. Within climate change research, hydrology stands out as a prominent and extensively discussed aspect. Overall, AI for Climate Change has made considerable improvements, highlighting the significance of continuing study in this specific area.气候变化是全球范围内个人、社区、政府与各类组织均需应对的紧迫议题。其直接影响包括极端天气事件与降雨不确定性，对诸多产业领域造成冲击。契合联合国可持续发展目标（UN Sustainable Development Goals），应对气候变化堪称重中之重。尽管环境状况持续恶化，技术却在不断迭代升级，或可抵御甚至缓解气候变化对环境造成的影响。人工智能（Artificial Intelligence）是近数年来发展迅猛的技术之一，已渗透至日常生活的诸多场景，例如社交媒体的搜索推荐服务。本系统性文献综述共纳入54篇参考文献，采用基钦汉姆方法（Kitchenham approach）对5项研究问题进行验证。统计数据显示，在54项研究中，有18项采用随机森林（Random Forest）技术构建面向气候变化议题的人工智能解决方案。在人工智能应对气候变化挑战的研究领域，中国位居全球领先地位。在气候变化研究范畴内，水文学（Hydrology）是备受关注且被广泛探讨的重要分支。总体而言，面向气候变化的人工智能研究已取得显著进展，凸显了该细分领域持续开展研究的重要价值。