A list of newly (re)appearing alien species in Belgium in support of decision making

Context

Invasive alien species are an important driver of biodiversity loss. Policy responses are developed to address this threat and need to be based on the best available data, including information from alien species registries and occurrence data. The Tracking Invasive Alien Species (TrIAS) project implemented a workflow based on FAIR principles to identify new species in Belgium. These are species that have been newly observed on the territory or that were newly added to a species registry or checklist. The workflow is built on the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and uses the Belgian Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species (GRIIS Belgium) as a baseline for comparison. 

Description

This dataset contains the outputs of the pipeline that generates a list of new alien species occurring in Belgium. This pipeline retrieves alien taxa from openly published species checklists or occurrence datasets on GBIF and compares this list with the Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species - Belgium (GRIIS Belgium) which is published by the IUCN Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG). This register is based on the unified checklist of alien species in Belgium which was created by TrIAS in support of research and policy using an open and reproducible workflow. Appearing/reappearing species are defined as follows:

Appearing: an alien species which newly occurs on the Belgian territory in the three years before the year of the GBIF download used for creating the occurrence cube for non-native taxa in Belgium. We will refer to this 3 years period as evaluation period.

Re-appearing: an alien species reappearing on the Belgian territory after a latency of 4 years or more. For example, we consider a taxon reappearing in 2022 if observations occur in 2022 and 2018 or before.

Files

appearing_taxa.tsv

reappearing_taxa.tsv

Field values

Field values of appearing_taxa.csv: 

taxonKey: GBIF taxonKey

canonicalName: scientific species name

year: year of appearance

ncells_prot_areas: number of 1x1km grid cells in protected areas

ncells_BE: number of 1x1km grid cells in Belgium

in_prot_areas: species occurs for the first time in protected areas of NATURA2000 in Belgium during the evaluation period (TRUE/FALSE)

in_BE: species occurs for the first time in Belgium during the evaluation period(TRUE/FALSE)

class

kingdom

classKey

kingdomKey

Field values of reappearing_taxa.csv: 

taxonKey: GBIF taxonKey

canonicalName: scientific species name

year: year of reappearance

ncells_prot_areas: number of 1x1km grid cells in protected areas

ncells_BE: number of 1x1km grid cells in Belgium

in_prot_areas: species reappears in protected areas of NATURA2000 in Belgium (TRUE/FALSE)

in_BE: species reappears in Belgium during the evaluation period (TRUE/FALSE)

n_latent_years: latency, in year, i.e. the number of years since last occurrence in Belgium

class

kingdom

classKey

kingdomKey

Potential uses of the dataset

The list of newly (re)appearing alien species in Belgium can be used for various purposes:

to update the Belgian GRIIS checklist

to flag the occurrence of new, regulated species on the territory (early warning)

to develop a rapid response 

to select species for quick impact assessment

to select species for risk assessment

to draft alert lists

for horizon scanning alien species

to select species for risk assessment

to identify new introduction patways

...

背景

外来入侵物种是生物多样性丧失的重要驱动因素之一。为应对这一威胁所制定的政策响应，需基于可获取的最优数据，包括外来物种登记信息与物种出现记录数据。追踪外来入侵物种（Tracking Invasive Alien Species, TrIAS）项目基于FAIR原则（FAIR Principles）开发了一套工作流，用于识别比利时境内的新外来物种——此类物种包括在比利时境内首次被观测到的物种，或是新被纳入物种登记库或名录的物种。该工作流依托全球生物多样性信息设施（Global Biodiversity Information Facility, GBIF）构建，并以比利时外来引入与入侵物种全球登记库（Belgian Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species, GRIIS Belgium）作为比对基准。

数据集说明

本数据集包含用于生成比利时境内新外来物种名录的工作流输出结果。该工作流从GBIF平台上公开发布的物种名录或出现记录数据集中提取外来类群，并将所得名录与国际自然保护联盟（International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN）入侵物种专家小组（Invasive Species Specialist Group, ISSG）发布的比利时外来引入与入侵物种全球登记库（GRIIS Belgium）进行比对。该登记库基于TrIAS项目开发的比利时外来物种统一名录，该名录依托开放且可复现的工作流构建，用于支撑相关研究与政策制定。

首次出现/重新出现物种的定义如下：

首次出现：指在用于生成比利时非原生类群出现数据立方的GBIF数据下载年份之前的三年内，首次在比利时境内出现的外来物种。我们将这一三年时间段称为评估期。

重新出现：指经过至少4年的潜伏后，再次在比利时境内被观测到的外来物种。例如，若某类群在2022年及2018年或更早的年份均有观测记录，则我们认为该类群在2022年重新出现。

数据文件

- appearing_taxa.tsv
- reappearing_taxa.tsv

字段说明

### 出现类群数据集（appearing_taxa.tsv）字段：
taxonKey：GBIF分类单元编号
canonicalName：物种学名
year：首次出现年份
ncells_prot_areas：比利时保护区内的1×1km网格单元数量
ncells_BE：比利时境内的1×1km网格单元数量
in_prot_areas：评估期内该物种首次在比利时NATURA2000保护区内被观测到（TRUE/FALSE）
in_BE：评估期内该物种首次在比利时全境被观测到（TRUE/FALSE）
class：生物分类纲
kingdom：生物分类界
classKey：纲编号
kingdomKey：界编号

### 重新出现类群数据集（reappearing_taxa.tsv）字段：
taxonKey：GBIF分类单元编号
canonicalName：物种学名
year：重新出现年份
ncells_prot_areas：比利时保护区内的1×1km网格单元数量
ncells_BE：比利时境内的1×1km网格单元数量
in_prot_areas：该物种在比利时NATURA2000保护区内重新被观测到（TRUE/FALSE）
in_BE：评估期内该物种在比利时境内重新被观测到（TRUE/FALSE）
n_latent_years：潜伏年限，即该物种上次在比利时被观测到至今的年数
class：生物分类纲
kingdom：生物分类界
classKey：纲编号
kingdomKey：界编号

数据集潜在用途

比利时境内首次（重新）出现的外来物种名录可用于多种场景：
- 更新比利时GRIIS外来物种名录
- 标记辖区内新受管制物种的出现（用于早期预警）
- 制定快速响应方案
- 筛选物种开展快速影响评估
- 筛选物种开展风险评估
- 起草预警名录
- 开展外来物种前瞻性监测
- 筛选物种开展风险评估
- 识别新的物种引入途径
……