Data Sheet 1_Effect of traditional Chinese medicine non-pharmacological interventions on cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.docx

BackgroundWith the intensification of population aging, the incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) continues to rise, and the risk of developing dementia is high, making it a global public health challenge. Traditional Chinese medicine non-pharmaceutical interventions (TCM-NPIs) is an important means of treating MCI. However, in clinical practice, there are various therapies, and there is no clear optimal plan yet. This study aims to evaluate the intervention effects of different TCM-NPIs on the cognitive function of MCI patients through network meta-analysis (NMA) and rank their effectiveness.
MethodsThe system retrieved randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to TCM-NPIs in the treatment of MCI from 7 databases, with the search time frame from database inception to December 26, 2025. Bayesian NMA was performed on the included articles using R 4.4.3 software.
ResultsA total of 76 RCTs were included, involving 4,895 MCI patients and 9 types of TCM-NPIs. The NMA results showed that in terms of improving the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score effect, physical and mental exercise (MBE), massage (TN), and acupoint catgut embedding (ACE) ranked the top three. Among them, MBE (MD = 2.18, 95% CrI: 0.86 to 3.55) had the best effect, with a SUCRA of 82.56%. Regarding improvements in Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores, TEAS, TN, and ACE ranked in the top three, with TEAS (MD = 3.31, 95% CrI: 1.87 to 4.75) showing the best effect and a SUCRA of 88.16%. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression indicated that intervention duration and the MCI population did not have a significant impact on cognitive outcomes. In the analysis of internal difference characteristics of intervention measures, the method of moxibustion had a moderating effect on MMSE scores (p < 0.05), with moxibustion devices showing better efficacy (MD = 1.42, 95% CI: 0.96 to 1.87). TCM-NPIs demonstrated high safety, with no serious adverse events observed.
ConclusionExisting evidence suggests that different types of TCM-NPIs have varying therapeutic effects in improving cognitive function. Among them, MBE shows the most significant in the improvement of MMSE scores, and TEAS has the best effect in the improvement of MoCA scores.
Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251248307, PROSPERO registration number: CRD420251248307.

背景：随着人口老龄化加剧，轻度认知障碍（MCI）的发病率持续上升，且进展为痴呆的风险较高，已成为全球公共卫生挑战。中医非药物干预（TCM-NPIs）是治疗轻度认知障碍的重要手段。但临床中干预手段多样，目前尚无明确的最优方案。本研究旨在通过网络meta分析（NMA）评估不同中医非药物干预对轻度认知障碍患者认知功能的干预效果，并对其有效性进行排序。
方法：本研究从7个数据库检索建库至2025年12月26日期间发表的、与中医非药物干预治疗轻度认知障碍相关的随机对照试验（RCTs）。采用R 4.4.3软件对纳入文献进行贝叶斯网络meta分析。
结果：共纳入76项随机对照试验，涉及4895例轻度认知障碍患者及9种中医非药物干预方案。网络meta分析结果显示，在改善简易精神状态检查表（MMSE）评分方面，身心锻炼（MBE）、推拿（TN）与穴位埋线（ACE）位列前三；其中身心锻炼（MD=2.18，95% CrI：0.86~3.55）效果最优，累积排序曲线下面积（SUCRA）为82.56%。在改善蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）评分方面，经皮穴位电刺激（TEAS）、推拿（TN）与穴位埋线（ACE）位列前三；其中经皮穴位电刺激（MD=3.31，95% CrI：1.87~4.75）效果最佳，SUCRA为88.16%。亚组分析与meta回归结果显示，干预时长与轻度认知障碍人群特征对认知结局无显著影响。在干预措施内部差异特征分析中，艾灸疗法对简易精神状态检查表评分具有调节作用（P<0.05），其中艾灸器械的疗效更优（MD=1.42，95% CI：0.96~1.87）。中医非药物干预安全性良好，未观察到严重不良事件。
结论：现有证据表明，不同类型的中医非药物干预在改善认知功能方面具有不同的治疗效果。其中，身心锻炼在提升简易精神状态检查表评分方面效果最为显著，经皮穴位电刺激则在改善蒙特利尔认知评估量表评分中表现最优。
系统评价注册：https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251248307，PROSPERO注册编号：CRD420251248307。