Dataset from: How animal behaviour shapes indirect transmission risk of animal tuberculosis in Mediterranean ecosystems

Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is a major concern in Iberia’s Mediterranean ecosystems. We used camera traps in southern Portugal to study how wildlife host behaviour influences Mycobacterium bovis transmission. Red deer showed the highest temporal overlap with cattle, especially in forests during the wet season. Foraging was common across species, while cattle and red deer frequently shared water sources. High-risk behaviors were most prevalent in red deer and correlated with areas of high environmental pathogen concentration. These findings emphasize that integrating host behavior and environmental context is vital for developing targeted disease management strategies in complex multi-host systems. The data was collected in Barrancos (Portugal) and refers to camera-trap independent records for five mammal species (MOVERCULOSIS_EMF-etal_TemporalPatterns_and_Overlap_CC_BY) and respective behavioural records derived from independent camera-trap detections (MOVERCULOSIS_EMF-etal_Behaviour_analysis_CC_BY).牛结核病（Bovine tuberculosis，TB）是伊比利亚半岛地中海生态系统中的重大关切问题。本研究在葡萄牙南部布设相机陷阱（camera traps），以探究野生动物宿主行为对牛分枝杆菌（Mycobacterium bovis）传播的影响。 马鹿与牛的活动时间重叠度最高，尤其在湿季的森林生境中。取食行为在多个受试物种中均较为常见，而牛与马鹿常会共用水源。高风险行为在马鹿中最为普遍，且与环境中病原体浓度较高的区域呈显著相关性。上述研究结果表明，在复杂的多宿主系统中，整合宿主行为与环境背景信息，对于制定针对性的疾病管理策略至关重要。 本数据集采集自葡萄牙巴兰科斯（Barrancos）地区，包含5种哺乳动物的相机陷阱独立检测记录（MOVERCULOSIS_EMF-etal_TemporalPatterns_and_Overlap_CC_BY），以及由独立相机陷阱检测结果衍生的对应行为分析数据（MOVERCULOSIS_EMF-etal_Behaviour_analysis_CC_BY）。