Dataset on a primary battery cell with a ferroelectric Li-glass electrolyte

The data attached is a comparison between the commercial CR1616 Li-MnO2 cell and Li/Li-glass (Li2.99Ba0.005ClO) in cellulose/gamma-MnO2+C/Al pouch-cell. Although the LED determines the potential profile, the potential is a response to the input current. Therefore, the variable discharge current and potential profiles are useful to determine the maximum current output of a battery cell as well as the standard discharge current and the cell profile. As observed in I vs t data for the commercial cell, the cell’s maximum current is 13 mA and the standard discharge current plateaus below 100 uA when the cell is almost fully discharged (83% = first day). Moreover, the extended plateau for the commercial cell varies from 100 uA to approximately 16.5 uA; most of the capacity of the cell is obtained in the first 30 hrs of discharge (94%).
The pouch-cell with 16.2 mg of active cathode material was discharged at room temperature inside an air-filled glove box; it shows a specific capacity of 764 mAh/g-gamma MnO2 (for a theoretical capacity of 209 mAh/g-gamma MnO2), which is higher than the 308 mAh/g of the commercial cell, obtained after discharging it for 11.2 months with a green LED lit uninterruptedly (see Data).
It is observed that the profiles for the current in the commercial and pouch-cell differ substantially; while the commercial cell varies its output current from 13 mA to 95 uA in two days and finally to 0.16 uA in more 5 days (the LED was not lit from day 6th with 14 hrs to day 7th with 2 hrs), the Li-glass pouch-cell varies its output current from 1 mA to 17 uA in one day and then to 2 uA in 59 days and it remains lit for 334 days.
The data for the commercial cell is divided by the ratio between commercial and pouch-cell active cathodes (13.3) showing a maximum current of 0.977 mA, a plateau from 7.52 to 1.24 uA which compare to Imax = 1.01 mA, plateau from 32 to >=1.24 uA for 4.3 months of the FEB. The coin cell is a 3D cell as the electrolyte wets all cathode powders and the pouch is a 1D cell (only the surface in contact with the Li-glass is effective) and, therefore, the previous calculations are just approximations.
The discharge of the commercial cell with the green LED was used as a control method. The capacity determined by this method agrees with the capacity in the corresponding technical spreadsheet.
The profile of the green LED used was also determined accurately.

本数据集附带的测试数据为商用CR1616锂二氧化锰（CR1616 Li-MnO2）纽扣电池与纤维素/γ-MnO2+碳/铝软包电池搭载的锂/锂玻璃（Li/Li-glass，组成为Li₂.₉₉Ba₀.₀₀₅ClO）电解质电池的对比测试结果。尽管发光二极管（LED）的工作状态决定了电位曲线，但电位本质是输入电流的响应信号。因此，可变放电电流与电位曲线可用于精准测定电池的最大输出电流、标准放电电流以及电池电位特性曲线。

对商用电池的电流-时间（I vs t）曲线分析可知，其最大输出电流为13 mA；当电池接近完全放电时（放电至首日时已放出总容量的83%），标准放电电流平台低于100 μA。此外，商用电池的延伸放电平台电流从100 μA逐步降至约16.5 μA，且94%的电池容量可在前30小时的放电过程中获得。

该软包电池的正极活性物质负载量为16.2 mg，在室温空气手套箱（air-filled glove box）中完成放电测试。其γ-MnO2的比容量（specific capacity）可达764 mAh/g，对应理论比容量（theoretical capacity）为209 mAh/g，显著高于商用电池的308 mAh/g；商用电池的比容量数据通过持续点亮绿色LED连续放电11.2个月测得（详见数据集）。

研究发现商用电池与软包电池的电流放电曲线差异显著：商用电池的输出电流在两天内从13 mA降至95 μA，随后在后续5天内进一步降至0.16 μA（第6天14时至第7天2时期间LED未点亮）；而锂玻璃软包电池的输出电流在一天内从1 mA降至17 μA，随后在59天内降至2 μA，且LED可持续点亮334天。

将商用电池的原始数据按商用电池与软包电池正极活性物质质量比（13.3）进行归一化处理后，得到归一化后的最大电流为0.977 mA，放电平台区间为7.52 μA至1.24 μA；与之对比的是，FEB的最大电流为1.01 mA，放电平台区间为32 μA至≥1.24 μA，持续时长可达4.3个月。纽扣电池属于三维电池，因电解质可完全浸润所有正极粉体颗粒；而软包电池为一维电池（仅与锂玻璃接触的表面为有效反应区域），因此前述归一化计算仅为近似值。

采用持续点亮绿色LED的方式对商用电池进行放电，可作为对照测试方法。通过该方法测得的电池容量与对应技术数据表中的容量值一致。

本次测试所用绿色LED的性能曲线也已被精准测定。