Dataset for Figure 1 from Sources and space–time distribution of the electromagnetic pulses in experiments on inertial confinement fusion and laser–plasma acceleration

When high-energy and high-power lasers interact with matter, a significant part of the incoming laser energy is transformed into transient electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) in the range of radiofrequencies and microwaves. These fields can reach high intensities and can potentially represent a significative danger for the electronic devices placed near the interaction point. Thus, the comprehension of the origin of these electromagnetic fields and of their distribution is of primary importance for the safe operation of high-power and high-energy laser facilities, but also for the possible use of these high fields in several promising applications. A recognized main source of EMPs is the target positive charging caused by the fast-electron emission due to laser–plasma interactions. The fast charging induces high neutralization currents from the conductive walls of the vacuum chamber through the target holder. However, other mechanisms related to the laser–target interaction are also capable of generating intense electromagnetic fields. Several possible sources of EMPs are discussed here and compared for high-energy and high-intensity laser–matter interactions, typical for inertial confinement fusion and laser–plasma acceleration. The possible effects on the electromagnetic field distribution within the experimental chamber, due to particle beams and plasma emitted from the target, are also described.This article is part of the xx ‘Prospects for high gain inertial fusion energy (Part 2)’.当高能高功率激光与物质相互作用时，入射激光能量的相当一部分会转化为射频及微波频段的瞬态电磁脉冲（electromagnetic pulses，EMPs）。此类场强可达到极高水平，对位于相互作用点附近的电子设备存在潜在显著安全隐患。因此，明晰此类电磁场的起源与分布规律，不仅对高能高功率激光装置的安全运行至关重要，同时也可为将这类强场应用于多项极具前景的场景提供支撑。 目前公认的电磁脉冲主要来源之一，是激光-等离子体相互作用引发的快电子发射导致靶材带正电。这种快速带电现象会通过靶支架在真空室的导电壁上诱发强烈的中和电流。不过，与激光-靶相互作用相关的其他机制同样能够产生强电磁场。 本文针对惯性约束聚变与激光等离子体加速领域典型的高能高强度激光与物质相互作用场景，对多种可能的电磁脉冲产生源进行了讨论与对比。此外，本文还阐述了靶材发射的粒子束与等离子体对实验室内电磁场分布可能产生的影响。 本文属于《高增益惯性聚变能源展望（第二部分）》的xx篇章。