青藏高原高寒荒漠植物群落及生境数据库（2017-2021）

本数据集针对青藏高原荒漠区的高寒气候特点，以我国青藏高原柴达木盆地为调查核心区，兼顾青藏高原阿里高原谷地等区域，于2017-2018年，调查了分布在这些区域的垫状矮半灌木高寒荒漠、多汁盐生矮半灌木荒漠、半灌木-矮半灌木荒漠、灌木荒漠等植被类型。调查的主要植被群系包括：藏亚菊高寒荒漠、垫状驼绒藜高寒荒漠、唐古特红景天高寒荒漠、盐爪爪荒漠、小叶金露梅荒漠、帕米尔麻黄荒漠、膜果麻黄荒漠等，形成了包括高寒荒漠主要植物群落类型、种类组成、群落学特性；土壤类型及剖面构型；土地利用；主要荒漠植物的 DNA 条形码和相对应调查点的气候因子数据集。调查区域分为三个片区，其中，西藏阿里地区30个调查点、柴达木腹地295个调查点位，柴达木盆地东北部35个点位。利用样方调查法，在指定点位布设1个100 m×100 m等地，在样地内系统设置5个10 m×10 m灌木样方、9个1 m×1 m的草本样方，并挖取一个1.5 m×1.1 m×1.2 m 的土壤剖面。调查不同植物群落植物种种类组成、高度、冠幅、盖度、密度、频度、生物量等生态学指标数据。灌木地上生物量获取采用标准枝或标准株法；草本地上生物量获取采用全株收获法；草本地下生物量采用根钻法进行测定，每个样方内，按照三角形选择3个采样点（3个重复）。地下生物量采集深度为0-60cm，分三层取样（0-20cm、20-40cm、40-60cm）。如果在调查样地内有乔木存在，则调查样方内乔木的种类、株数（密度）、胸径、高度和冠幅，同时记录死亡的乔木和灌木的种类及数量并测定地上生物量。土壤剖面调查过程中，分层进行取样，分层梯度划分为0-10 cm、10-20 cm、20-30 cm、30-50 cm、50-70 cm、70-100 cm。划分土壤类型后，量取不同剖面母质层深度和钙积层厚度，测定不同土层土壤容重、含水率、孔隙度、机械组成、有机质、全氮、全磷、 pH 值等指标。气候要素数据调查内容包括各观测点区域的气候要素、河流状况（季节性河流、冲沟）；气候要素来源于青海省气象局，收集了柴达木盆地60年代～2020年个气象站点主要气候因子，分别为降水、气温、最高温和最低温。土地利用格局数据为项目实施期间2017-2021年的样点调查实测现状数据，分为草地、农田、湿地。

This dataset targets the alpine climate characteristics of desert regions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Taking the Qaidam Basin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China as the core survey area and covering regions such as the Ali Plateau Valley of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, we surveyed vegetation types including cushion dwarf semi-shrub alpine deserts, succulent halophytic dwarf semi-shrub deserts, semi-shrub-dwarf semi-shrub deserts, and shrub deserts distributed in these areas from 2017 to 2018.

The main surveyed vegetation formations include Ajania tibetica alpine deserts, Ceratoides compacta alpine deserts, Rhodiola tangutica alpine deserts, Kalidium foliatum deserts, Dasiphora parvifolia deserts, Ephedra pamirica deserts, and Ephedra przewalskii deserts, among others. The dataset encompasses major plant community types, species composition, and community characteristics of alpine deserts; soil types and profile configurations; land use; DNA barcodes of dominant desert plants; and climate factor datasets corresponding to each survey site.

The survey areas are divided into three zones: 30 survey sites in Ali Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region; 295 survey sites in the hinterland of the Qaidam Basin; and 35 sites in the northeastern part of the Qaidam Basin.

The quadrat survey method was employed: one 100 m × 100 m sample plot was established at each designated site, within which 5 10 m × 10 m shrub quadrats and 9 1 m × 1 m herbaceous quadrats were systematically arranged, and one soil profile measuring 1.5 m × 1.1 m × 1.2 m was excavated.

Ecological indicators including species composition, height, crown width, coverage, density, frequency, and biomass of plant communities in different vegetation types were investigated. For above-ground shrub biomass, the standard branch or standard plant method was used; for above-ground herbaceous biomass, the whole-plant harvesting method was adopted; for underground herbaceous biomass, the root coring method was applied, with 3 sampling points selected in a triangular configuration (3 replicates) per quadrat. The sampling depth for underground biomass was 0–60 cm, divided into three layers: 0–20 cm, 20–40 cm, and 40–60 cm.

If trees were present in the surveyed sample plot, the species, number (density), diameter at breast height (DBH), height, and crown width of trees within the quadrat were surveyed, while the species and quantity of dead trees and shrubs were also recorded, and their above-ground biomass was measured.

During the soil profile survey, samples were collected layer by layer, with the stratification gradient set as 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, 20–30 cm, 30–50 cm, 50–70 cm, and 70–100 cm. After classifying soil types, the depth of the parent material layer and the thickness of the calcare horizon in each profile were measured, and indicators including soil bulk density, moisture content, porosity, mechanical composition, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and pH value of different soil layers were determined.

Climate factor data include climate elements and river conditions (seasonal rivers, gullies) of each survey site. Climate factors were sourced from the Qinghai Provincial Meteorological Bureau, which collected main climate indicators from meteorological stations in the Qaidam Basin from the 1960s to 2020, including precipitation, air temperature, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature.

Land use pattern data are field-measured current status data of sample points collected during the project implementation period from 2017 to 2021, which are categorized into grassland, farmland, and wetland.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集涵盖了2017至2021年青藏高原高寒荒漠地区的植物群落及生境调查数据，包括多种植被类型的群落学特性、土壤理化性质及气候因子。数据通过系统样方调查法获取，覆盖西藏阿里地区和柴达木盆地的多个调查点位，为研究高寒荒漠生态系统提供了详实的科学数据。