Table_1_From Soundwave to Soundscape: A Guide to Acoustic Research in Captive Animal Environments.DOCX

Sound is a complex feature of all environments, but captive animals' soundscapes (acoustic scenes) have been studied far less than those of wild animals. Furthermore, research across farms, laboratories, pet shelters, and zoos tends to focus on just one aspect of environmental sound measurement: its pressure level or intensity (in decibels). We review the state of the art of captive animal acoustic research and contrast this to the wild, highlighting new opportunities for the former to learn from the latter. We begin with a primer on sound, aimed at captive researchers and animal caregivers with an interest (rather than specific expertise) in acoustics. Then, we summarize animal acoustic research broadly split into measuring sound from animals, or their environment. We guide readers from soundwave to soundscape and through the burgeoning field of conservation technology, which offers new methods to capture multiple features of complex, gestalt soundscapes. Our review ends with suggestions for future research, and a practical guide to sound measurement in captive environments.声音是所有环境中普遍存在的复杂特征，但针对圈养动物声景（acoustic scenes）的研究远少于野生动物声景。此外，针对农场、实验室、宠物收容所及动物园的相关研究往往仅聚焦于环境声音测量的单一维度：声压级或强度（单位为分贝）。本综述梳理了圈养动物声学研究的前沿进展，并将其与野生动物声学研究进行对比，着重指出前者可从后者借鉴的全新研究契机。我们首先为声学领域有兴趣但缺乏专业背景的圈养动物研究人员与动物护理者撰写了声学入门指南。随后，我们将动物声学研究大致划分为两类：针对动物自身发声的声音测量，以及针对其所处环境的声音测量。我们将带领读者从声波逐步过渡到声景，并涵盖新兴的保护技术领域——该领域提供了可捕捉复杂整体声景多维度特征的全新方法。本综述最后将提出未来研究方向建议，并提供一份圈养环境下声音测量的实操指南。