RNA-seq data of soybean SKRP1 and AVR3C. Glycine max

The process of RNA splicing influences many physiological processes including plant immunity. However, how plant parasites manipulate host RNA splicing process remains unknown. Here we demonstrate that PsAvr3c, an avirulence effector from oomycete plant pathogen Phytophthora sojae, physically binds to and stabilizes soybean (Glycine max) serine/lysine/arginine rich proteins GmSKRPs in vivo. The SKRPs are novel proteins that associate with spliceosome components, and are negative regulators of plant immunity. Analysis by RNA-seq data indicates that alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs from 401 soybean genes, including defense related genes, is altered in GmSKRP1 and PsAvr3c over-expressing lines compared to control plants. Representative splicing events mediated by GmSKRP1 and PsAvr3c are tested by infection assays or by transient expression in soybean plants. Our results show that a plant pathogen effector can reprogram host pre-mRNA splicing to promote disease, and we propose that pathogens evolved such strategies to defeat host immune systems. Overall design: three independent soybean SKRP1 over-expression lines, three AVR3C over-expression samples and three GFP control samplesRNA剪接（RNA splicing）过程可调控包括植物免疫在内的诸多生理进程。然而，植物病原菌如何操纵宿主RNA剪接过程仍不清楚。 我们在此证实，来自卵菌门植物病原大豆疫霉（Phytophthora sojae）的无毒效应因子PsAvr3c，可在活体中与大豆（Glycine max）富含丝氨酸/赖氨酸/精氨酸的蛋白GmSKRPs发生特异性物理结合，并提升其稳定性。 SKRPs为一类新型蛋白，可与剪接体组分相互结合，且作为植物免疫的负调控因子发挥功能。 通过RNA测序（RNA-seq）数据分析发现，与对照植株相比，过表达GmSKRP1与PsAvr3c的转基因株系中，包括防御相关基因在内的401个大豆基因的前mRNA可变剪接模式发生显著改变。 我们通过大豆植株中的侵染试验与瞬时表达体系，验证了GmSKRP1与PsAvr3c介导的典型剪接事件。 本研究结果表明，植物病原菌效应因子可通过重编程宿主前mRNA剪接过程以促进病害发生，据此我们推测病原菌演化出此类策略以突破宿主免疫系统。 整体实验设计：设置3个独立的大豆SKRP1过表达株系样本、3个AVR3C过表达样本，以及3个绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）对照样本