Annotated dataset of pollen pellet images from 40 major beekeeping plants

Pollen is the main source of proteins, amino acids, lipids, sterols, fatty acids, vitamins and other nutrients for honeybees. Knowing the pollinating plants of an area and identifying the incoming pollen sources inside the hive can be extremely useful information for beekeepers in controlling the development of their colonies and implementing appropriate manipulations throughout the year. Thus, a database was created, including images and characteristics of the pollen pellets of 40 major beekeeping plants. Bee pollen was collected from pollen traps, which were placed at the hive entrances of experimental bee colonies. Freshly collected pollen was cleaned of foreign matter and placed -18 oC in glass jars until the time of analysis. Every 15 days a representative sample of 10% of the total quantity was separated mainly by color, shape and size in order to assess the contribution of each species. For the identification of pollen grains, the Louveaux method was used, according to which a small amount of pollen was placed on a slide and the pellets were dissolved with 2-3 drops of diethyl ether. After evaporation of the solvent, a drop of aqueous isoglucose solution (2:1) was added to hydrate the pollen grains and a drop of alcoholic fuchsin solution was added to stain them. The preparations were then placed on a hot plate to evaporate the moisture. This was followed by placement of a coverslip with Entellan to fix the preparation. The final preparation was examined under the microscope to identify the plant from which the pollen pellet came. For the microscopic identification of the pollen types, the collection of reference slides from the Laboratory of Apiculture of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, which is accredited to ISO 17025:2017, was used. Pollen pellets from the various taxa were placed on a special white plate to ensure a neutral background and to limit possible reflections as much as possible. Photographs were taken with smartphone cameras, in order to simulate the actual conditions of photography for potential users in the field. The dataset contains 139 training captured images of bee pollen pellets from 40 major beekeeping plants (class list can be found below) and 13 testing captured images. Polygon annotations were created using LabelMe software and saved in COCO Annotation format (train.json and val.json files). Further information about the related project (SmartBeeKeep) can be found in the following article and presentation (please site if you use these data): Vasilios Liolios, Dimitrios Kanelis, Maria-Anna Rodopoulou, Chrysoula Tananaki (2023). A Comparative Study of Methods Recording Beekeeping Flora. Forests, 14(8), 1677; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14081677 Nikos Grammalidis, Andreas Stergioulas, Aggelos Avramidis, Konstantinos Karystinakis, Athanasios Partozis, Athanasios Topaloudis, Georgia Kalantzi, Chrisoula Tananaki, Dimitrios Kanelis, Vasilis Liolios, and Madesis Panagiotis "A smart beekeeping platform based on remote sensing and artificial intelligence", Proc. SPIE 12786, Ninth International Conference on Remote Sensing and Geoinformation of the Environment (RSCy2023), 127860C (21 September 2023); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2681866 Event: Ninth International Conference on Remote Sensing and Geoinformation of the Environment (RSCy2023), 2023, Ayia Napa, Cyprus Author preprint available Annotation - Latin name Anthemis - Anthemis sp. Asphodelus - Asphodelus fistulosus Brassica napus - Brassica napus Castanea sativa - Castanea sativa Cephalaria transsylvanica - Cephalaria transsylvanica Chenopodium album - Chenopodium album Cichorium - Cichorium intybus Cistus - Cistus creticus Cistus salvifolius - Cistus salvifolius Convolvulus - Convolvulus arvensis Daucus - Daucus carota Echium - Echium plantagineum Erica - Erica manipuliflora Hedera helix - Hedera helix Helianthus - Helianthus annuus Heliotropium - Heliotropium europaeum Hypericum - Hypericum perforatum Lavandula - Lavandula angustifolia Ligustrum - Ligustrum japonicum Matricaria - Matricaria chamomilla Olea_europaea_9cm - Olea europaea Paliurus - Paliurus spina-christi Papaver - Papaver rhoeas Pinus - Pinus sp. Polygonum_aviculare - Polygonum aviculare Portulaca - Portulaca oleracea Pyrus - Pyrus spinosa Quercus - Quercus coccifera Rosmarinus - Rosmarinus officinalis Rubus - Rubus ulmifolius Carduus - Silybum marianum sinapis - Sinapis arvensis Sonchus - Sonchus asper Taraxacum - Taraxacum officinale Tamarix - Tamarix sp. Tilia - Tilia sp. Tribulus - Tribulus terrestis Trifolium pratensis - Trifolium campestre Verbascum - Verbascum nigrum Vicia - Vicia villosa花粉是蜜蜂获取蛋白质、氨基酸、脂质、甾醇、脂肪酸、维生素及其他营养物质的主要来源。掌握某一区域的授粉植物种类，并识别蜂箱内收集的花粉团来源，对养蜂人调控蜂群发展、全年实施合理饲养管理具有极高的应用价值。为此，本研究构建了一份数据库，涵盖40种主要养蜂植物的花粉团图像及其特征信息。 蜜蜂花粉通过安装在试验蜂群箱门口的花粉截留器收集。新鲜采集的花粉先去除杂质，随后置于玻璃罐中于-18℃条件下保存至分析环节。每间隔15天，按颜色、形状和大小为主的特征，从总样本中分离出占比10%的代表性样品，以评估各植物物种的花粉贡献量。 花粉粒的鉴定采用卢沃氏法（Louveaux method）：取少量花粉置于载玻片上，滴加2~3滴乙醚溶解花粉团；待溶剂挥发后，滴加2:1的异葡萄糖水溶液以水合花粉粒，再滴加品红酒精染色液进行染色；随后将载玻片置于加热板上蒸发水分，最后滴加恩特兰（Entellan）封固剂并加盖玻片完成制片。最终制片在显微镜下观察，以确定花粉团所属的植物种类。 花粉类型的显微鉴定依托希腊塞萨洛尼基亚里士多德大学养蜂学实验室的参考玻片集完成，该实验室通过ISO 17025:2017认证。为确保中性背景并尽可能减少反射，将不同类群的花粉团放置在专用白色托盘上。使用智能手机相机拍摄照片，以模拟野外潜在使用者的实际拍摄场景。 本数据集包含来自40种主要养蜂植物的139张训练用蜜蜂花粉团实拍图像，以及13张测试用实拍图像（类别列表详见下文）。标注采用LabelMe软件完成，以COCO标注格式（train.json与val.json文件）保存。 有关本项目（SmartBeeKeep）的更多详情可参阅以下论文及演示文稿（若使用本数据集，请按规范引用）： Vasilios Liolios, Dimitrios Kanelis, Maria-Anna Rodopoulou, Chrysoula Tananaki (2023). "A Comparative Study of Methods Recording Beekeeping Flora". Forests, 14(8), 1677; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14081677 Nikos Grammalidis, Andreas Stergioulas, Aggelos Avramidis, Konstantinos Karystinakis, Athanasios Partozis, Athanasios Topaloudis, Georgia Kalantzi, Chrisoula Tananaki, Dimitrios Kanelis, Vasilis Liolios, and Madesis Panagiotis "A smart beekeeping platform based on remote sensing and artificial intelligence", Proc. SPIE 12786, Ninth International Conference on Remote Sensing and Geoinformation of the Environment (RSCy2023), 127860C (21 September 2023); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2681866。会议信息：第九届遥感与地理信息环境国际会议（RSCy2023），2023年，塞浦路斯阿依纳帕，可获取作者预印本。 标注名称 - 拉丁学名 Anthemis - Anthemis sp. Asphodelus - Asphodelus fistulosus Brassica napus - Brassica napus Castanea sativa - Castanea sativa Cephalaria transsylvanica - Cephalaria transsylvanica Chenopodium album - Chenopodium album Cichorium - Cichorium intybus Cistus - Cistus creticus Cistus salvifolius - Cistus salvifolius Convolvulus - Convolvulus arvensis Daucus - Daucus carota Echium - Echium plantagineum Erica - Erica manipuliflora Hedera helix - Hedera helix Helianthus - Helianthus annuus Heliotropium - Heliotropium europaeum Hypericum - Hypericum perforatum Lavandula - Lavandula angustifolia Ligustrum - Ligustrum japonicum Matricaria - Matricaria chamomilla Olea_europaea_9cm - Olea europaea Paliurus - Paliurus spina-christi Papaver - Papaver rhoeas Pinus - Pinus sp. Polygonum_aviculare - Polygonum aviculare Portulaca - Portulaca oleracea Pyrus - Pyrus spinosa Quercus - Quercus coccifera Rosmarinus - Rosmarinus officinalis Rubus - Rubus ulmifolius Carduus - Silybum marianum sinapis - Sinapis arvensis Sonchus - Sonchus asper Taraxacum - Taraxacum officinale Tamarix - Tamarix sp. Tilia - Tilia sp. Tribulus - Tribulus terrestis Trifolium pratensis - Trifolium campestre Verbascum - Verbascum nigrum Vicia - Vicia villosa