François de Salignac de la Mothe Fénelon – Les Aventures de Télémaque (1699): Macrostruttura e paratesti nelle versioni tedesche del '700

This paper analyses the XVIII century German translations of Les aventures de Télémaque (1699) by François de Salignac de la Mothe Fénelon. In that century, Fénelon's masterpiece was translated into German mainly by four authors (August Bohse, Benjamin Neukirch, Josef Anton Ehrenreich, Ludwig Ernst Faramond), who adapted the text according not also to the historical period, but also to their own purpose, creating completely different works. They transformed the original text in different text genres, from a utopian novel with political and pedagogical aims to a text in verse form for didactic purposes, or to an epic poem with pedagogical functions. To investigate the differences between the translations the paper will focus especially on the macrostructural and the paratextual elements in order to make preliminary hypothesis on 1) the text genre, 2) the functions of the text and 3) the expected audience. Examples and final conclusions will end the article.

本文针对弗朗索瓦·德·萨利纳克·德·拉莫特·费讷隆（François de Salignac de la Mothe Fénelon）于1699年创作的《忒勒玛科斯历险记》（Les aventures de Télémaque）的18世纪德语译本展开分析。在18世纪，费讷隆的这部传世杰作主要由四位译者译入德语：奥古斯特·博泽（August Bohse）、本杰明·诺伊基希（Benjamin Neukirch）、约瑟夫·安东·埃伦赖希（Josef Anton Ehrenreich）与路德维希·恩斯特·法拉蒙德（Ludwig Ernst Faramond）。这些译者不仅贴合所处的历史时代对文本进行适配改编，更融入自身的创作目的，最终打造出与原作风貌迥异的作品。他们将原作改写为多种文本体裁：从兼具政治与教育指向的乌托邦小说，到服务于教学用途的韵文文本，再到承载教育功能的史诗诗作。为探究各译本之间的差异，本文将重点聚焦于宏观结构与副文本（paratextual）元素，以此针对以下三个维度提出初步研究假设：1）文本体裁类型；2）文本的功能定位；3）目标受众群体。文末将辅以具体实例，并给出最终研究结论。