Data from: Long term impacts of selective logging on two Amazonian tree species with contrasting ecological and reproductive characteristics: inferences from Eco-gene model simulations

The impact of logging and subsequent recovery after logging is predicted
to vary depending on specific life history traits of the logged species.
The Eco-gene simulation model was used to evaluate the long-term impacts
of selective logging over 300 years on two contrasting Brazilian Amazon
tree species, Dipteryx odorata and Jacaranda copaia. D. odorata
(Leguminosae), a slow growing climax tree, occurs at very low densities,
whereas J. copaia (Bignoniaceae) is a fast growing pioneer tree that
occurs at high densities. Microsatellite multilocus genotypes of the
pre-logging populations were used as data inputs for the Eco-gene model
and post-logging genetic data was used to verify the output from the
simulations. Overall, under current Brazilian forest management
regulations, there were neither short nor long-term impacts on J. copaia.
By contrast, D. odorata cannot be sustainably logged under current
regulations, a sustainable scenario was achieved by increasing the minimum
cutting diameter at breast height from 50 to 100 cm over 30-year logging
cycles. Genetic parameters were only slightly affected by selective
logging, with reductions in the numbers of alleles and single genotypes.
In the short term, the loss of alleles seen in J. copaia simulations was
the same as in real data, whereas fewer alleles were lost in D. odorata
simulations than in the field. The different impacts and periods of
recovery for each species support the idea that ecological and genetic
information are essential at species, ecological guild or reproductive
group levels to help derive sustainable management scenarios for tropical
forests.

采伐及其后续恢复的影响，预计会因被采伐物种的特定生活史特征而异。本研究采用Eco-gene模拟模型，评估了300年尺度下选择性采伐对巴西亚马逊地区两种截然不同的林木物种——香脂豆木（Dipteryx odorata）和蓝花楹木（Jacaranda copaia）——造成的长期影响。香脂豆木（Dipteryx odorata，豆科）为生长缓慢的顶极树种，种群密度极低；而蓝花楹木（Jacaranda copaia，紫葳科）则是生长迅速的先锋树种，种群密度较高。采伐前种群的微卫星（microsatellite）多位点基因型数据被用作Eco-gene模型的输入参数，采伐后种群的遗传数据则用于验证模拟输出结果。总体而言，按照巴西现行森林管理法规，蓝花楹木未受到短期及长期的负面影响。与之相反，按照现行法规，香脂豆木无法实现可持续采伐；若将每30年采伐周期内的最低采伐胸径从50厘米提升至100厘米，则可构建可持续经营场景。选择性采伐仅对遗传参数造成轻微影响，具体表现为等位基因数量及单一基因型数量的减少。短期尺度下，蓝花楹木模拟实验中观测到的等位基因丢失情况与实际野外数据一致；而香脂豆木模拟实验中的等位基因丢失量则低于实地观测结果。两个物种受影响程度及恢复周期的差异，印证了生态与遗传信息在物种、生态类群或繁殖群层面的必要性，该信息可为热带森林可持续经营方案的制定提供关键支撑。