General characteristic of postpartum women.

Background Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) is a disease of weakened pelvic floor support tissues, leading to changes in the pelvic organ position and function of pelvic organs, with long-term effects on women. This study aimed to assess pelvic floor function using electrophysiology and clinical symptoms, exploring the risk factors for PFD one month postpartum. Methods This cross-sectional study included 845 women from postpartum outpatient clinic of Nantong Affiliated Hospital from August 2019 to October 2021. Pelvic floor muscle strength was evaluated via pelvic floor surface electromyography. Clinical symptoms (urinary incontinence (UI) and pelvic organ prolapse) were diagnosed by gynecologists. Sociodemographic, pregnancy, and obstetrical data were obtained from self-reported questionnaires and electronic records. Results The study identified maternal age, parity, immigrant status, and economic income as factors were related to PFD. Gestational constipation increased the risk of abnormal resting muscle strength (OR:1.553, 95%CI: 1.022–2.359). Cesarean delivery was associated with higher rates of abnormal resting muscle strength than vaginal delivery (post-resting stage: OR, 2.712; 95% CI, 1.189–6.185), but a decreased incidence of UI (OR: 0.302; 95% CI, 0.117–0.782). Increased gestational weight gain was correlated with a greater risk of developing UI (OR:1.030, 95%CI: 1.002–1.058). Women with vaginal inflammation faced a higher risk of abnormal fast-twitch muscle (OR: 2.311, 95%CI: 1.125–4.748). Conclusions In addition to uncontrollable factors like mode of delivery, age, and parity, interventions targeting weight gain and constipation during pregnancy and vaginal flora could mitigate the risks of PFD. Educational programs for pregnant women should emphasize a proper diet and lifestyle. For women with vaginal inflammation, clinical treatment should be carried out as soon as possible to avoid further aggravating the damage to the pelvic floor muscles.背景 盆底功能障碍性疾病（Pelvic floor dysfunction, PFD）是指盆底支持组织薄弱引发的疾病，可导致盆腔器官位置及功能改变，对女性健康造成长期影响。本研究旨在通过电生理检查与临床症状评估盆底功能，探究产后1个月盆底功能障碍性疾病的危险因素。 方法 本项横断面研究纳入了2019年8月至2021年10月期间南通市附属医院产后门诊的845名女性受试者。采用盆底表面肌电图评估盆底肌肉力量；临床症状（尿失禁（Urinary incontinence, UI）与盆腔器官脱垂）由妇科医师进行诊断。社会人口学、妊娠及产科相关数据通过自填问卷与电子病历获取。 结果 本研究发现，产妇年龄、孕产次、移民身份与经济收入均与盆底功能障碍性疾病相关。妊娠期便秘会增加静息肌力量异常的风险（比值比OR=1.553，95%置信区间CI：1.022~2.359）。剖宫产术相较于阴道分娩，更易引发静息肌力量异常（静息后阶段：OR=2.712，95%CI：1.189~6.185），但可降低尿失禁的发生率（OR=0.302，95%CI：0.117~0.782）。妊娠期体重增长过多与尿失禁风险升高呈正相关（OR=1.030，95%CI：1.002~1.058）。患有阴道炎症的女性出现快肌纤维功能异常的风险更高（OR=2.311，95%CI：1.125~4.748）。 结论 除分娩方式、年龄、孕产次等不可控因素外，针对妊娠期体重增长、便秘及阴道菌群的干预措施可降低盆底功能障碍性疾病的发病风险。孕妇健康教育项目应强调合理饮食与健康生活方式的重要性。对于合并阴道炎症的女性，应尽早开展临床治疗，避免进一步加重盆底肌肉损伤。