Scientific Productivity, Intellectual Property Imports, and R&D Expenditures in Kazakhstan (1996–2024)

This dataset provides annual time-series data for Kazakhstan covering the period 1996–2024. It includes three key variables: scientific productivity (JAST), intellectual property imports (ImportIP), and government expenditures on research and development (GERD).
Scientific productivity (JAST) is measured as the number of publications in basic and technological sciences indexed in the Web of Science database. Intellectual property imports (ImportIP) are expressed in current U.S. dollars and capture the inflow of foreign knowledge and technology. Government expenditures on research and development (GERD) are also reported in current U.S. dollars and reflect public investment in scientific research.
The dataset is designed to facilitate empirical analysis of the relationship between knowledge inflows, public R&D spending, and scientific output in Kazakhstan. Empirical evidence based on this dataset suggests that intellectual property imports exert a negative effect on scientific productivity in the short run, but a positive and statistically significant effect in lagged periods, indicating delayed knowledge absorption. In contrast, R&D expenditures do not show a statistically significant impact on scientific productivity within the analyzed framework.
The dataset is suitable for time-series econometric analysis (e.g., ARMA, ARDL, ECM models) and supports research on innovation dynamics, knowledge transfer, and science policy in emerging economies.

Keywords: scientific productivity, intellectual property import, R&D expenditures, Kazakhstan.

本数据集涵盖哈萨克斯坦1996年至2024年的年度时间序列数据。数据集包含三项核心变量：科学产出率（JAST）、知识产权进口额（ImportIP）与政府研发支出（GERD）。
科学产出率（JAST）以科学网（Web of Science）数据库收录的基础科学与技术科学领域的论文数量作为衡量指标。知识产权进口额（ImportIP）以现价美元计价，用以反映外国知识与技术的流入规模。政府研发支出（GERD）同样以现价美元计价，体现公共部门在科学研究领域的投入水平。
本数据集旨在支撑哈萨克斯坦知识流入、公共研发支出与科学产出之间关系的实证分析。基于本数据集的实证研究结果表明，知识产权进口额在短期内对科学产出率产生负向影响，但在滞后周期中则呈现正向且具有统计显著性的影响，这表明知识吸收存在时滞效应。与之相对，在本次分析框架下，研发支出未对科学产出率表现出具有统计显著性的影响。
本数据集适用于时间序列计量经济学分析（如ARMA、ARDL、ECM模型），可用于新兴经济体的创新动态、知识转移与科学政策相关研究。
关键词：科学产出率，知识产权进口额，研发支出，哈萨克斯坦。