Data Sheet 1_Exploring the determinants of non-suicidal self-injury among university students in Jordan: a cross-sectional study.docx

BackgroundDeliberate bodily harm without suicidal intent has become a growing concern among young adults and adolescents. This study aims to explore the determinants of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and its correlation with psychological distress and mobile phone addiction (MPA) among university students in Jordan. MethodsA quantitative cross-sectional study targeting university students in Jordan. The data was collected from 394 students using a semi-structured online questionnaire that included socio-demographic characteristics; Self-Harm Inventory scale (SHI); Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9); General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7); and Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV). SPSS 30 was used for descriptive and multivariate analysis. Spearman’s correlation, Chi-square, Kruskal—Wallis and Mann—Whitney U were applied. Binary logistic regression was conducted to identify the predictors of significant NSSI. ResultsPrevalence of significant self-harm (threshold of SHI ≥5) was 20.56%. Higher levels of anxiety and depression were strongly associated with increased NSSI severity (p <.001). Depression was a strong predictor of significant self-harm (p <.001, OR = 1.21). Participants who reported experiencing negative or traumatic events during childhood, or having a family member with a psychological disorder, were significantly more likely to fall into the higher-risk NSSI category (p <.001). ConclusionThis study demonstrated alarming levels of self-harm behaviors among university students in Jordan as measured by SHI. NSSI was strongly associated with psychological distress and dysfunctional family environment, which may provide insight into its etiology and has implications for early identification and intervention.研究背景 无自杀意图的蓄意躯体伤害已在青年群体与青少年群体中成为日益凸显的公共健康议题。本研究旨在探究约旦大学生群体中非自杀性自伤（non-suicidal self-injury, NSSI）的影响因素，及其与心理困扰和手机成瘾（mobile phone addiction, MPA）的相关性。 研究方法 本研究为针对约旦大学生的定量横断面研究。研究共纳入394名学生，采用半结构化线上问卷收集数据，问卷内容涵盖社会人口学特征、自我伤害量表（Self-Harm Inventory, SHI）、患者健康问卷9项版（Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9）、广泛性焦虑障碍7项量表（General Anxiety Disorder-7, GAD-7）以及简版智能手机成瘾量表（Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, SAS-SV）。本研究采用SPSS 30软件进行描述性统计与多变量分析，所使用的统计方法包括斯皮尔曼相关分析、卡方检验、克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯检验以及曼-惠特尼U检验，并通过二元logistic回归分析明确具有临床意义的非自杀性自伤的影响因素。 研究结果 以自我伤害量表得分≥5作为临床意义性自伤的判定阈值，其检出率为20.56%。焦虑与抑郁水平越高，非自杀性自伤的严重程度也越高（p < 0.001）。抑郁是临床意义性自伤的强影响因素（p < 0.001，优势比OR=1.21）。报告童年时期经历过负性或创伤性事件，或家庭成员存在心理障碍的参与者，归入高风险非自杀性自伤类别的概率显著更高（p < 0.001）。 研究结论 本研究证实，基于自我伤害量表测评的约旦大学生群体中，自伤行为比例已达到令人警醒的水平。非自杀性自伤与心理困扰及不良家庭环境存在显著关联，该结果可为阐明其发病机制提供新视角，同时为早期识别与干预工作提供实践参考。